…working, and the commonest source of error is believing that it is. Twitching of the chest muscles and spikes on the screen mean nothing. Capture…

…anaesthetic also improves the chance of success by counteracting vascular spasm. Pressure monitoring set: stiff, short tubing, a transducer, and a flush system with physiological…

…mouthful of water and hold it. Advance the electrode at the very moment the patient swallows — the pharyngeal muscles then guide the tip into the…

…a marked risk of aspiration, or failure that is not rapidly reversed by an antidote B Respiratory rate, saturation, chest movement and a blood gas…

…ECG monitoring and access to airway support. Indications Clinically suspected myasthenia gravis in a patient with clear, objectively verifiable fatigable symptoms. Assessment of whether residual…

…infection, surgery, trauma and old age. A positive value is not a diagnosis. Risk grading in confirmed pulmonary embolism Risk Haemodynamics Right ventricular strain (echo…

…lack of lung tissue) and its impact on cardiac function. Clinically, patients may present with: Absent breath sounds on the affected side Crepitus Subcutaneous emphysema…

…choice of device therapy and also suggest whether other interventions (e.g. heart failure management, evaluation for coronary artery disease, etc .) are warranted. Management of…

…been extremely valuable. Echocardiography is used to assess the morphology of valves, the presence of vegetations, hemodynamic status, and the extent of endocarditis. Endocarditis gives…

…coronary or valvular disease Recent (<48 hours) use of dipyridamole or dipyridamole containing medications Ingestion of caffeinated foods or beverages within 12 hours prior to…