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Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…the ability to lay the patient down. Injection Needle Angle Maximum volume per site : : : : Deltoid, adult 23–25 G, 25 mm 90° 1–2 mL…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…Infections are difficult to heal because the heart valves are not vascularized and therefore it is difficult for the immune system to reach the bacteria…

Statin Intolerance and Statin-Associated Muscle Symptoms

…100 containing lipoproteins and exert effects beyond LDL C reduction, including modulation of inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function, plaque stability, thrombogenic responses and immune activity…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…immune pathways, cytokine signalling and recruitment of inflammatory cells to vascular lesions. The interleukin 1β pathway, with downstream effects involving interleukin 6 and C…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…adrenaline , 2–5 mL. Needles: 21–25 G, 40 mm for subacromial and trochanteric injection; 25–27 G, 25 mm for the carpal tunnel, de…

Short Synacthen test

…respond to maximal ACTH stimulation, and it is rarely the injection itself that determines whether the result can be interpreted. What decides that is whether…

🟠 Phentolamine

…®, Rogitine ® Indications Hypertensive crisis. Mechanism of action Phentolamine is a non selective alpha adrenergic blocker. Phentolamine reduces blood pressure while increasing catecholamine activity…

Invasive Coronary Angiography: Indications and Vascular Access

…and Clinical Role Invasive coronary angiography (ICA) is a catheter based investigation that visualizes the coronary arterial tree after selective intracoronary contrast injection under fluoroscopy…

Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…infection or gastroenteritis at home Double or triple the oral daily dose during the days of illness (the patient's sick day rules) Vomiting or…

Joint aspiration

…the samples are sent correctly. A corticosteroid must never be injected into a joint in which infection has not been excluded. Indications Acute monoarthritis in…

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