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Corticosteroids: quick reference for dose equivalents and stress dosing

…infection or gastroenteritis at home Double or triple the oral daily dose during the days of illness (the patient's sick day rules) Vomiting or…

Deceased donor organ donation

… warm ischaemic time is the limiting factor The time critical element The diagnosis and the donor care The time from withdrawal of treatment to circulatory…

Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…own laboratory uses before applying it. The D dimer is raised in pregnancy, malignancy, infection, surgery, trauma and old age. A positive value is not…

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Treatment Principles

…and acquired factors may interact in its development. PAH may be idiopathic, heritable, drug associated, or associated with conditions such as systemic sclerosis, HIV infection…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…Infections are difficult to heal because the heart valves are not vascularized and therefore it is difficult for the immune system to reach the bacteria…

Neutropenic fever: quick reference for emergency management

…Lathundar Key message Fever in a neutropenic patient is an emergency. Infection can progress rapidly, while the typical local signs of inflammation may be faint…

Cardiac arrest in intoxication (poisoning)

…Currently, opioid overdose stands as a predominant etiological factor for cardiac arrest within this demographic on a global scale. Numerous substances possess the potential to…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…cancer, etc – are the most important risk factors for poor outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms…

Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…causally responsible. This distinction is important because AKI after a contrast study frequently occurs in patients with several simultaneous renal insults. Infection, hypovolaemia, cardiac dysfunction…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…100 mg × 1 5–7 days Epiglottitis and other severe upper airway infection cefotaxime 1–2 g × 3 IV Depends on the diagnosis Always assess…

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