…pull the skin and subcutaneous tissue 2–3 cm to one side, inject, wait 10 seconds, withdraw the needle and release the skin. The displaced…

…that is the posterior superior iliac spine. Mark it. 3. Clean the skin and apply the drape. Anaesthetise skin, subcutaneous tissue and then the periosteum…

…an inflammatory dermatosis: the active edge , not the burnt out centre. 2. Clean the skin and infiltrate the anaesthetic intradermally and subcutaneously until a weal…

…pregnancy and the period before a urological procedure. A positive urine dipstick in an older patient is difficult to interpret. Skin and soft tissue Diagnosis…

…quoted as the threshold, but the threshold varies between regions. Infection of the skin over the puncture site. Marked haemodynamic instability — stabilise the patient first…

…lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely focus 0 to 15 min Ringer's acetate for hypotension or hypoperfusion, usually…

…local practice Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax…

…failure — compression of both legs acutely increases preload. Untreated deep vein thrombosis in the acute phase. Septic phlebitis, ongoing soft tissue infection with systemic involvement…

…the head and neck Fragile skin, poor healing Ear canal stenosis or exostoses Narrow and hard to reach Ongoing otitis externa Pain, spread of infection…

…tissue — the acidic environment inactivates the anaesthetic. Place a field block in healthy skin around the abscess instead of injecting into it, and expect the…