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🟠 Aspirin (Acetylsalicylic acid)

Indications Acute myocardial infarction. Unstable coronary artery disease. Stable angina pectoris. Secondary prophylaxis to prevent recurrence of cerebrovascular diseases, such as: Transient ischemic attacks (TIA…

Isoprenaline and Dopamine Infusions for Bradycardia

…system. The underlying pathophysiology varies widely and may involve intrinsic cardiac disease, extrinsic systemic conditions, or pharmacologic effects. Inflammatory heart disease, caused by infections (viral…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…outcomes. The vast majority of infections with COVID 19 result in mild disease, with symptoms similar to seasonal flu (influenza) and other viral respiratory infections…

Colchicine and Anti-inflammatory Therapy in Coronary Disease

…between reduction in ischaemic events and possible infectious or other non cardiovascular adverse outcomes. Mechanisms of action Colchicine Colchicine appears to exert several anti inflammatory…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI): Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management

…progressive, and highly complex lipid driven inflammatory disease of the arterial intima that serves as the fundamental pathophysiological substrate for acute coronary syndromes (ACS), including…

Microvascular Angina and INOCA: Diagnosis with CFR and IMR

…Endothelial dysfunction may contribute to both microvascular and epicardial vasomotor disorders. Endothelial activation can promote the release of adhesion molecules, inflammatory cytokines, and vasoconstricting mediators…

ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Complicated by Cardiogenic Shock

…zone and contributes to ventricular failure. Mechanisms of Shock The central consequence of extensive infarction is loss of contractile myocardium, with reduced cardiac output and…

Bempedoic Acid: Evidence and Clinical Use

…of cardiovascular risk reduction was considered similar to that achieved with statins for a comparable absolute degree of LDL C lowering. Diabetes and glycaemic outcomes…

Cardiac Tamponade: Recognition and Pericardiocentesis

…Myocardial free wall rupture after infarction Anticoagulant associated bleeding Renal failure Systemic inflammatory disease Catheter based electrophysiological and structural cardiac procedures In patients with acute…

SGLT2 Inhibitors for Cardiovascular and Renal Protection

…consumption Natriuresis and diuresis Reduction in plasma volume, preload and afterload Lower left ventricular wall stress Reduced sympathetic nervous system activity Improvement in cardiac metabolic…

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