…resistant to resolution. Known predictors of cardiac arrest The only risk biomarker in genuinely widespread use is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measured by echocardiography…

…in left ventricular preload lead to a cascade of hemodynamic alterations which may culminate in cardiac arrest. Pulmonary embolism is causally related to deep vein…

…of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH, which results in large R waves in left sided leads (V5, V6, aVL and I) and deep…

…of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers, tendon sheaths Deep…

…Assessment of healing potential in ulcers and before deciding the level of amputation. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or modify in: Deep vein…

…Drug Standard dose Reduced dose and criterion : : : Apixaban 5 mg twice daily 2.5 mg twice daily if at least two of: age ≥80 years…

…laryngeal mask of the correct size as a rescue airway, and surgical airway equipment (a size 10 scalpel, a bougie, a size 6.0 tube)…

…embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative: Condition Comment : : Left main…

…toe pressure < 30 mmHg. Decompensated heart failure — compression of both legs acutely increases preload. Untreated deep vein thrombosis in the acute phase. Septic phlebitis…

…drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in assessment before shunt surgery. Contraindications Clinical signs of herniation — deep unconsciousness with unreactive pupils, an altered breathing pattern…

…Wells criteria for pulmonary embolism: Criterion Points : : Clinical signs of deep vein thrombosis 3 Pulmonary embolism is the most likely diagnosis 3 Heart rate 100…

…report. A shave biopsy of a pigmented lesion that turns out to be a melanoma can make the Breslow thickness unmeasurable and staging therefore impossible…

…are as a rule left open. Facial bites can be sutured after careful debridement because of the cosmesis, often with antibiotic prophylaxis. Deep puncture wounds …

…Significant right to left shunt (e.g., Eisenmenger syndrome). Qp/Qs ≈ 1 : Normal, no significant shunt. Clinical Relevance of Shunt Fraction Diagnosis of Shunt Severity…

…in the ascending part of the ST segment. A male patient (Figure 1) presented at age 36 years with an ECG showing deep and persistent…

…presence of broad and typically notched R waves in leads I, aVL, and the left precordial leads, and narrow r waves followed by broad, deep…

…of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH, which results in large R waves in left sided leads (V5, V6, aVL and I) and deep…

Echocardiography Cardiac thromboembolism Thromboembolism is a leading cause of death worldwide (1). Emboli originating in the atria, left atrial appendage (LAA), ventricles, valves, and proximal…

…left sided leads (V5, V6, I and aVL) and deep S waves in right sided leads (V1, V2) indicate that the vector of the left…

…will be enhanced. Enlargement of the left and right atria causes typical P wave changes in lead II and lead V1 (Figure 1, second and…

…the left ventricle partially or entirely outside the specialized conduction system. This slower conduction results in a prolonged QRS duration. The defining features of LBBB…

…of right bundle branch block (RBBB) Under normal conditions, both ventricles depolarize simultaneously. However, the QRS morphology is dominated by electrical vectors from the left…

…Unconsciousness occurs within 10 seconds of cessation of cerebral blood flow. Agonal breathing : Deep, slow, irregular breaths with a frequency of 1 to 4 breaths…

…current state of VT management for the practicing cardiologist. It meticulously details the classification, pathophysiological subtypes, and clinical presentation of VT, with a deep dive…

…a large bore cannula in a suitable vein). Standby access in a patient at risk of rapid deterioration. Intraosseous access: Cardiac arrest where venous access…

…and venous filling may be reduced. Other possible findings include muscle stiffening and loss of deep tendon reflexes. Pulses are absent distal to the obstruction…

…or patients with diabetes [4]. Associated Findings: The sudden onset of symptoms coupled with diaphoresis should always raise concern for a cardiovascular cause [4]. 2…

…deep and visceral, frequently described as heavy, squeezing, and crushing, though it may occasionally be reported as stabbing or burning. It resembles the discomfort of…

…and degree of myocardial involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular involvement Pre existing abnormalities such as prior infarction, left bundle branch…

…of pathological Q wave Normal variants V2–V3 ≥0,02 s or QS complex None All other leads ≥0,03 s and ≥1 mm deep…

…deviation of the electrical axis. The QRS duration is slightly prolonged but does not reach 0.12 s. Block in the anterior fascicle causes left…

…or deep vein thrombosis Acute myocarditis or pericarditis Acute aortic dissection Physical disability that precludes safe and adequate testing Relative contraindications Known obstructive left main…

…to risk of embolization Relative contraindications for exercise ECG Severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure 200 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure 110 mmHg). Left main coronary…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction T wave changes in acute myocardial infarction & ischemia A thorough discussion regarding the physiology of the T wavewas previously provided…

…create a 90° wide and 15 cm deep image requires approximately 40 milliseconds (ms). Increasing the number of ultrasound lines or image depth will reduce…