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A new ECG biomarker for sudden cardiac death

…resistant to resolution. Known predictors of cardiac arrest The only risk biomarker in genuinely widespread use is left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), measured by echocardiography…

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

…in left ventricular preload lead to a cascade of hemodynamic alterations which may culminate in cardiac arrest. Pulmonary embolism is causally related to deep vein…

Right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH): ECG criteria & clinical characteristics

…of the left ventricle is enhanced in LVH, which results in large R waves in left sided leads (V5, V6, aVL and I) and deep…

Abscess incision and drainage

…of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers, tendon sheaths Deep…

Ankle-brachial index (ABI)

…Assessment of healing potential in ulcers and before deciding the level of amputation. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications. Refrain or modify in: Deep vein…

Anticoagulants: quick reference for dosing, renal adjustment and reversal

…Drug Standard dose Reduced dose and criterion : : : Apixaban 5 mg twice daily 2.5 mg twice daily if at least two of: age ≥80 years…

Endotracheal intubation

…laryngeal mask of the correct size as a rescue airway, and surgical airway equipment (a size 10 scalpel, a bougie, a size 6.0 tube)…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…embolism or deep vein thrombosis. Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or endocarditis. Acute aortic dissection. Physical inability to perform the test safely. Relative: Condition Comment : : Left main…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…toe pressure < 30 mmHg. Decompensated heart failure — compression of both legs acutely increases preload. Untreated deep vein thrombosis in the acute phase. Septic phlebitis…

Lumbar puncture

…drainage in idiopathic intracranial hypertension and in assessment before shunt surgery. Contraindications Clinical signs of herniation — deep unconsciousness with unreactive pupils, an altered breathing pattern…

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