…These factors interact and vary over time. Some factors vary from second to second (e.g. degree of ischemia, parasympathetic and sympathetic tone) while others…

…dependent torsades de pointes. Standby pacing — pads applied but the device not switched on — in second degree AV block Mobitz type 2, newly discovered complete…

…3. Puncture 1–2 cm proximal to the wrist crease at an angle of 30–45 degrees , directed proximally along the course of the artery…

…body reaching the stroma or deeper. The absence of a slit lamp — the cornea should not be instrumented without magnification. With a suspected chemical injury…

…a patient at risk of rapid deterioration. Intraosseous access: Cardiac arrest where venous access is not immediately available. Shock, severe trauma, burns or status epilepticus…

…urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis…

…Highest risk of pneumothorax, the vessel cannot be compressed after arterial puncture, technically more difficult with ultrasound Femoral vein Fastest, and does not interfere with…

…is reached. Indications Diagnostic aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear cause. An effusion not confidently explained by heart failure must be aspirated. Suspected empyema…

…level of consciousness not attributable to hypercapnia, marked swallowing difficulty, vomiting. Haemodynamic instability or a life threatening arrhythmia. Undrained pneumothorax. Facial trauma, facial burns or…

…Mark the biopsy site. In an inflammatory dermatosis: the active edge , not the burnt out centre. 2. Clean the skin and infiltrate the anaesthetic intradermally…