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Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…dependent torsades de pointes. Standby pacing — pads applied but the device not switched on — in second degree AV block Mobitz type 2, newly discovered complete…

Arterial line

…3. Puncture 1–2 cm proximal to the wrist crease at an angle of 30–45 degrees , directed proximally along the course of the artery…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…These factors interact and vary over time. Some factors vary from second to second (e.g. degree of ischemia, parasympathetic and sympathetic tone) while others…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…against the band and the chin in the rest. Support your working hand against the patient's zygoma or the bridge of the nose. 4…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein and cannula size…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum A live insect…

Central venous catheter

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax; ultrasound guidance…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…masks are alternatives in intolerance. A hydrocolloid dressing for the bridge of the nose applied before the mask goes on, not after the sore has…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…even on the fingers, toes, nose and ears), a 27 G needle, a 2–5 mL syringe. Punches of 2, 3, 4 and 6 mm…

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