…as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb:…

…These factors interact and vary over time. Some factors vary from second to second (e.g. degree of ischemia, parasympathetic and sympathetic tone) while others…

…myocardial ischaemia or syncope — that has not responded to atropine: Complete heart block (third degree AV block) and second degree AV block Mobitz type 2…

…injury is to measure and document the visual acuity before anything else is done. The second most important is to look for signs of perforation —…

…when the arm is flexed. The dorsum of the hand is suitable for finer cannulae. Avoid the lower limb in adults. In shock with collapsed…

…hydroxide ions are generated at the negative pole of the battery and produce a liquefactive necrosis that can reach the septal cartilage within a few…

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

…inserted close to the upper border of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and the drainage is stopped for…

…facial burns or recent facial surgery that make a seal impossible. Recent surgery on the oesophagus or upper gastrointestinal tract, ileus and ongoing upper gastrointestinal…

…0 for the trunk and limbs. Haemostasis: aluminium chloride solution 20–35 %, ferric subsulfate, electrocoagulation. A pot of 4 % formalin, and for immunofluorescence Michel's…