…and a warm, well perfused hand carry more weight. Choice of vessel The radial artery is the first choice : superficial, easy to compress, with a…

…urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis…

…no risk of pneumothorax Highest risk of thrombosis and contamination, immobilises the patient The right internal jugular vein is the first choice in most situations…

…level of consciousness not attributable to hypercapnia, marked swallowing difficulty, vomiting. Haemodynamic instability or a life threatening arrhythmia. Undrained pneumothorax. Facial trauma, facial burns or…

…and half of them have moderate or complicated defects; the remaining third have mild defects ( Baumgartner et al ). Approximately 40,000 children are born with…

…The absence of a slit lamp — the cornea should not be instrumented without magnification. With a suspected chemical injury the priorities are reversed: irrigate first …

…Some factors vary from second to second (e.g. degree of ischemia, parasympathetic and sympathetic tone) while others take months or years to develop (e…

…is reached. Indications Diagnostic aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear cause. An effusion not confidently explained by heart failure must be aspirated. Suspected empyema…

…a patient at risk of rapid deterioration. Intraosseous access: Cardiac arrest where venous access is not immediately available. Shock, severe trauma, burns or status epilepticus…

…Mark the biopsy site. In an inflammatory dermatosis: the active edge , not the burnt out centre. 2. Clean the skin and infiltrate the anaesthetic intradermally…

…dependent torsades de pointes. Standby pacing — pads applied but the device not switched on — in second degree AV block Mobitz type 2, newly discovered complete…

…saw, protective sheeting Hot water gives faster setting and more heat production — a risk of burns Document the distal neurovascular status before casting : sensation, motor…