…accidents, burns, or other trauma. Drowning Cardiac arrest due to drowning Electrocution Cardiac arrest due to electrical current through the heart. Asphyxia Asphyxia as a…

…a smaller size in children. A set with an integrated guidewire (Seldinger technique) helps when the vessel is difficult to puncture. Sterile preparation with chlorhexidine…

…a vasoconstrictor for the nose: lidocaine 4 % with oxymetazoline 0.5 % on pledgets. Mineral oil or lidocaine to kill an insect in the ear canal…

…position or a different vessel. Choice of site Vessel Advantages Disadvantages : : : Internal jugular vein (right) Best ultrasound conditions, a straight course to the superior vena…

…Facial trauma, facial burns or recent facial surgery that make a seal impossible. Recent surgery on the oesophagus or upper gastrointestinal tract, ileus and ongoing…

…the old hole. Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein…

…the trough level or pause the drug according to local practice Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation…

…their first year of life ( Triedman et al ). According to the European Society for Cardiology, 2800 adults per 1 million individuals have congenital heart defects…

…radiolucent, tolerates moisture better, more expensive and stiffer to mould Elastic bandage Holds the slab in place; wound on without tension Tepid water, plastic gloves…

…eyelid. Ask the patient to look down. Grasp the eyelashes, press gently downwards on the upper border of the tarsal plate with a cotton bud…

…the burnt out centre. 2. Clean the skin and infiltrate the anaesthetic intradermally and subcutaneously until a weal forms. 3. Stretch the skin perpendicular to…

…minutes to a total maximum of 3 mg . Doses below 0.5 mg can paradoxically worsen the bradycardia and must be avoided. Atropine acts on…