…can also be sought anterior to the lateral malleolus. Calculation: for each leg, the highest of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pressures is divided…

Procedurer Almost all nosebleeds arise from Kiesselbach's plexus on the anterior septum and stop with correctly performed compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often…

Conduction defects ECG Fascicular block (hemiblock): left anterior fascicular block & left posterior fascicular block Fascicular blocks were previously referred to as hemiblocks, but the latter…

Echocardiography Tricuspid regurgitation The tricuspid valve separates the right ventricle and the right atrium. It normally consists of three leaflets (anterior, posterior and septal leaflet)…

…narrowing of the left main coronary artery, which supplies the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary territories. Because these vessels perfuse a large proportion…

…embolic manifestations. The source material does not provide a detailed catalogue of specific embolic syndromes. Clinical suspicion should be heightened after: Anterior STEMI. A large…

…a rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. The LMCA supplies a large myocardial territory through the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex…

…annular circumference. The posterior leaflet generally has two distinct indentations which divide it into three scallops, P1 (anterior or medial scallop), P2 (middle scallop), and…

…For example, if there is acute ischemia located in the anterior wall and there is ST segment elevation in lead V3, then there should also…

…left ventricle. Figure 2. Assignment of the 17 myocardial segments to the territories of the left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), and the…

…must not be included. Electrical axis Electrical axis Interpretation : : −30° to +90° Normal −30° to −90° Left axis deviation — left anterior fascicular block, inferior infarction…

…2. Marked sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, sick sinus syndrome with long pauses. Bradycardia in poisoning with a beta blocker, a calcium channel blocker or digitalis…

…atrium is activated passively. The upper boundary of this circuit may be located either anterior or posterior to the superior vena cava. A critical area…

…The intramyocardial segment is termed the tunnelled artery. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) is most commonly involved. The reported prevalence depends substantially on the…

…chest discomfort requires a systematic differential diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic heart disease is broader than chest pain itself, encompassing symptoms like tightness…

…tissues and organs. A few decades later Cohnheim demonstrated that ligation of the left anterior descending artery in dogs resulted in myoardial infarction. An important…

…Female sex. Hypertension. Absence of an adequate collateral circulation. A first or anterior infarction. Single vessel disease without collateral support. Chronic kidney disease, particularly in…

…Instead, the infarct related electrical changes may be recorded indirectly as reciprocal abnormalities in the anterior precordial leads. Acute myocardial ischaemia alters the resting membrane…

…Pathophysiology ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is an acute coronary syndrome characterized clinically by acute myocardial ischaemic symptoms or equivalent presentations together with persistent…

…due to superior efficacy over monophasic devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect success, but active compression of the pads lowers…

…should be utilized. The cannula is inserted into the 4th or 5th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed…

…few characteristic ECG syndromes (e.g. Wellen's syndrome, de Winter's sign, widespread ST segment depressions) that point to the left anterior descending artery…

…into the right and left bundle branches. The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles. Both the right bundle branch and…

…and the vascular supply. RCA = right coronary artery. LAD = Left anterior descending coronary artery. LCX = left circumflex coronary artery. Arterial blood supply…

…one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow metastasis…

…2. Inspect the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea and anterior chamber. Note the pupil size, shape and reaction to light. A teardrop shaped or peaked pupil suggests…

…the palm on the greater trochanter with the index finger towards the anterior superior iliac spine and the middle finger extended along the iliac crest…

…landmark — the posterior corner of the acromion — is easy to palpate even in a large patient. The anterior approach, just lateral to the coracoid process…

…The site lies about 3–5 cm superior and medial to the anterior superior iliac spine and lateral to the lateral border of the rectus…

…status, the ASA class and the airway beforehand. Procedure Anterior shoulder dislocation The commonest of all dislocations. There is a hollow beneath the acromion, the…

…location also matters: stenoses in the left main stem or proximal left anterior descending artery are more likely to affect flow because they supply a…

…complication of myocardial infarction (MI) [5]. It is more frequently associated with anterior infarction than with inferoposterior infarction [4]. Myocardial Necrosis : The occurrence of LBBB …

…haematoma that compresses the true lumen. The resulting reduction in coronary blood flow may produce myocardial ischaemia, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), or…

…pulmonary venous hypertension, and pulmonary congestion. Hemodynamic deterioration is more likely with larger infarcts, anterior infarction, advanced age, delayed or unsuccessful revascularization, and pre existing…

…Left anterior fascicular block is diagnosed if the axis is between 45° and 90° with qR complex in aVL and QRS duration 0,12 s…

…Left anterior fascicular block is diagnosed if the axis is between 45° and 90° with qR complex in aVL and QRS duration is 0,12…

…repeatedly to the circumflex artery before a 60 minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) would reduce the infarct size by 60…

…Methyldopa. Reserpine. Clonidine. Conditions Myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction (can cause permanent bradycardia, particularly anterior infarctions). Viral myocarditis. Lyme disease. Rheumatic fever. Endocarditis. Heart surgery (can…

…the septum. Purkinje fibers are branched off from the right bundle branch at the level of the origin of the anterior papillary muscle. A network…

…occurs when the myocardium becomes ischemic. It is typically described as a diffuse pain over the anterior chest wall. The pain may be experienced as…

…such as heart failure, structural heart disease, fibrosis of the conduction system and acute myocardial infarction (particularly anterior STEMI). Hence, an acute myocardial infarction may…

…and the right bundle branch (RBB). The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles. The bundle branches and fascicles play a…

…segments of the left ventricle Basal Segments Mid cavity Segments Apical Segments 1. basal anterior 7. mid anterior 13. apical anterior 2. basal anteroseptal 8…

…V4. V4: placed on the left medioclavicular line between rib 5 and 6. V5: placed on the anterior axillary line, on level with V4. V6…

…segment depressions with prominent T waves in the majority of the chest leads may indicate an acute occlusion in the LAD (left anterior descending artery)…

…For this purpose, the left ventricle is subdivided into 4 walls: inferior , anterior , lateral and septal wall ( Figure 2 below). An inferior myocardial infarction refers…

…ventricle in the thorax. It is localized immediately behind the sternum and thus is the most anteriorly located part of the heart. The right ventricle…

…prepared. The patient is positioned semi recumbent, at 30–45 degrees — the fluid then collects anteriorly and inferiorly, which makes it easier to reach subxiphoid…