…can also be sought anterior to the lateral malleolus. Calculation: for each leg, the highest of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pressures is divided…

Procedurer Almost all nosebleeds arise from Kiesselbach's plexus on the anterior septum and stop with correctly performed compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often…

…is accompanied by a right bundle branch block), while 3% progress to third degree AV block (complete heart block). Noteworthy about left anterior fascicular block …

…of the right ventricle (i.e parts on the atrial side of the tricuspid annulus) function as atrium and becomes dilated. The anterior leaflet is…

…narrowing of the left main coronary artery, which supplies the left anterior descending and left circumflex coronary territories. Because these vessels perfuse a large proportion…

…embolic manifestations. The source material does not provide a detailed catalogue of specific embolic syndromes. Clinical suspicion should be heightened after: Anterior STEMI. A large…

…a rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. The LMCA supplies a large myocardial territory through the left anterior descending (LAD) and left circumflex…

…left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX), whereas the posteromedial papillary muscle receives blood supply from either LCX or the right…

…the chest leads (V1 through V6) are displayed on the ECG paper in their anatomically contiguous order from right anterior (V1) to left lateral (V6)…

…the left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), and the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Coronary artery dominance: left dominance vs. right dominance The…

…to +90° Normal −30° to −90° Left axis deviation — left anterior fascicular block, inferior infarction, hypertrophy +90° to +180° Right axis deviation — right ventricular strain…

…2. Marked sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, sick sinus syndrome with long pauses. Bradycardia in poisoning with a beta blocker, a calcium channel blocker or digitalis…

…atrium is activated passively. The upper boundary of this circuit may be located either anterior or posterior to the superior vena cava. A critical area…

…The intramyocardial segment is termed the tunnelled artery. The left anterior descending artery (LAD) is most commonly involved. The reported prevalence depends substantially on the…

…chest discomfort requires a systematic differential diagnosis, as the syndrome associated with ischemic heart disease is broader than chest pain itself, encompassing symptoms like tightness…

…tissues and organs. A few decades later Cohnheim demonstrated that ligation of the left anterior descending artery in dogs resulted in myoardial infarction. An important…

…infarction (STEMI). The principal lesions are: Ventricular septal rupture (VSR), producing an acute left to right shunt. Ventricular free wall rupture, producing haemopericardium and cardiac…

…Instead, the infarct related electrical changes may be recorded indirectly as reciprocal abnormalities in the anterior precordial leads. Acute myocardial ischaemia alters the resting membrane…

…degree of myocardial involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular involvement Pre existing abnormalities such as prior infarction, left bundle branch block…

…due to superior efficacy over monophasic devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect success, but active compression of the pads lowers…

…should be utilized. The cannula is inserted into the 4th or 5th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed…

…few characteristic ECG syndromes (e.g. Wellen's syndrome, de Winter's sign, widespread ST segment depressions) that point to the left anterior descending artery…

…pronounced "R prime"), which is directed anteriorly and rightward. Due to the abnormal depolarization sequence of the right ventricle in RBBB, repolarization is also abnormal…

…cardiac conduction system and the vascular supply. RCA = right coronary artery. LAD = Left anterior descending coronary artery. LCX = left circumflex coronary artery…

…one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow metastasis…

…2. Inspect the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea and anterior chamber. Note the pupil size, shape and reaction to light. A teardrop shaped or peaked pupil suggests…

…the palm on the greater trochanter with the index finger towards the anterior superior iliac spine and the middle finger extended along the iliac crest…

…apply compression and a dressing. The knee The patient lies supine with the leg extended and the quadriceps relaxed. The superolateral approach has the highest…

…caecum on the right is mobile and often gas filled. The site lies about 3–5 cm superior and medial to the anterior superior iliac…

…status, the ASA class and the airway beforehand. Procedure Anterior shoulder dislocation The commonest of all dislocations. There is a hollow beneath the acromion, the…

…location also matters: stenoses in the left main stem or proximal left anterior descending artery are more likely to affect flow because they supply a…

…leads, and narrow r waves followed by broad, deep S waves in the right precordial leads [7]. Septal q waves are usually absent [7]. Stricter…

…haematoma that compresses the true lumen. The resulting reduction in coronary blood flow may produce myocardial ischaemia, acute coronary syndrome (ACS), myocardial infarction (MI), or…

…Other causes include acute mechanical complications—particularly ventricular septal defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction…

…of right axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of left axis deviation Left bundle branch block. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Inferior infarction. Pre excitation. Left anterior…

…of right axis deviation have been excluded. Causes of left axis deviation Left bundle branch block. Left ventricular hypertrophy. Inferior infarction. Pre excitation. Left anterior…

…repeatedly to the circumflex artery before a 60 minute occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) would reduce the infarct size by 60…

…Methyldopa. Reserpine. Clonidine. Conditions Myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction (can cause permanent bradycardia, particularly anterior infarctions). Viral myocarditis. Lyme disease. Rheumatic fever. Endocarditis. Heart surgery (can…

…the septum. Purkinje fibers are branched off from the right bundle branch at the level of the origin of the anterior papillary muscle. A network…

…occurs when the myocardium becomes ischemic. It is typically described as a diffuse pain over the anterior chest wall. The pain may be experienced as…

…ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Left bundle branch block (LBBB) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI): clinical implications & Sgarbossa criteria Contrary to right bundle branch block…

…bifurcates into the left bundle branch (LBB) and the right bundle branch (RBB). The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles…

…segments of the left ventricle Basal Segments Mid cavity Segments Apical Segments 1. basal anterior 7. mid anterior 13. apical anterior 2. basal anteroseptal 8…

…anterior axillary line, on level with V4. V6: placed on level with V4 and V5, in the mid axillary line. V4R: placed on the right…

…right ventricular hypertrophy (RVH) , left bundle branch block (LBBB) , right bundle branch block (RBBB) and pre excitation (WPW syndrome) may all cause ST segment depressions…

…the highest oxygen demand. The right ventricle and the atria work against much lower resistances and therefore have lower oxygen demands. The wall thickness is…

…It is localized immediately behind the sternum and thus is the most anteriorly located part of the heart. The right ventricle has a complicated anatomy…

…prepared. The patient is positioned semi recumbent, at 30–45 degrees — the fluid then collects anteriorly and inferiorly, which makes it easier to reach subxiphoid…