…effect in anterior bleeding. Raise the chair so that the patient's nose is at your eye level. The patient sits upright and tilts the…

…impulse to the anterior wall of the left ventricle; (2) the posterior (posteroinferior) fascicle , which delivers the electrical impulse to the posterior and inferior walls…

…of the right ventricle (i.e parts on the atrial side of the tricuspid annulus) function as atrium and becomes dilated. The anterior leaflet is…

…the left anterior descending artery was associated with lower five year survival than a more distal lesion. Revascularisation improves myocardial blood flow and angina related…

…infarction (MI). It is particularly associated with extensive anterior or transmural infarction, apical dysfunction, LV aneurysm formation, and reduced LV systolic function. The principal mechanisms…

…and computed tomography (CT) views. (A) Angiographic schematic showing the right coronary artery (RCA), left main coronary artery (LMCA), left anterior descending artery (LAD), and…

…left anterior descending artery (LAD) and the left circumflex artery (LCX), whereas the posteromedial papillary muscle receives blood supply from either LCX or the right…

…the chest leads (V1 through V6) are displayed on the ECG paper in their anatomically contiguous order from right anterior (V1) to left lateral (V6)…

…the left anterior descending (LAD), right coronary artery (RCA), and the left circumflex coronary artery (LCX). Coronary artery dominance: left dominance vs. right dominance The…

…and the U wave must not be included. Electrical axis Electrical axis Interpretation : : −30° to +90° Normal −30° to −90° Left axis deviation — left anterior…

…without current symptoms, alternating bundle branch block in acute anterior infarction, and before drugs or procedures with a known risk of bradycardia. Transvenous pacing is…

…in a craniocaudal direction down the right atrial free wall, traverses the cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) at the inferior boundary, and ascends in a caudocranial direction…

…take off, and an intramural course. An anomalous left coronary artery is less common but more malignant than an anomalous right coronary artery. Anomalous origin…

…pain is thought to result from right ventricular ischemia that develops during physical exertion [5]. Associated Findings: Exertional dyspnea, dizziness, and syncope may also occur …

…of the left anterior descending artery in dogs resulted in myoardial infarction. An important discovery was reported in 1930 when Buchner and colleages showed that…

…anterior infarction. Ventricular free wall rupture Free wall rupture may be catastrophic or subacute. In the catastrophic form, an acute tear causes haemopericardium, tamponade, and…

…recorded indirectly as reciprocal abnormalities in the anterior precordial leads. Acute myocardial ischaemia alters the resting membrane potential and action potential duration of affected myocardial…

…severity of ischaemia and whether infarction has occurred The extent and degree of myocardial involvement The anatomical territory, including anterior, inferoposterolateral or right ventricular involvement…

…and use of biphasic defibrillators , which are standard due to superior efficacy over monophasic devices. Electrode position (anterior posterior vs. antero lateral) does not affect…

…absence of sounds on the affected side. Ultrasonography can reveal pneumothorax (highlighted by a lack of lung tissue) and its impact on cardiac function. Clinically…

…The left anterior descending coronary artery ( LAD ). The left circumflex coronary artery ( LCX ). Figure 1 is important, as it shows the coronary arteries and their…

…pronounced "R prime"), which is directed anteriorly and rightward. Due to the abnormal depolarization sequence of the right ventricle in RBBB, repolarization is also abnormal…

…1. The component of the cardiac conduction system and the vascular supply. RCA = right coronary artery. LAD = Left anterior descending coronary artery. LCX…

…artery can also be sought anterior to the lateral malleolus. Calculation: for each leg, the highest of the dorsalis pedis and posterior tibial pressures is…

…anterior superior iliac spine is a second line alternative in marked obesity or when the supine position is necessary. After previous punctures: change side, and…

…the patient's usual glasses and then through a pinhole. This is done before any drops. 2. Inspect the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea and anterior chamber…

…which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA. Both are avoided with the right landmark and the right needle length. Indications Route Typical drugs Absorption :…

…large patient. The anterior approach, just lateral to the coracoid process, is an alternative but lies closer to the brachial plexus and the vessels. The…

…the right is mobile and often gas filled. The site lies about 3–5 cm superior and medial to the anterior superior iliac spine and…

…Procedure Anterior shoulder dislocation The commonest of all dislocations. There is a hollow beneath the acromion, the arm is held in slight abduction and external…

…location also matters: stenoses in the left main stem or proximal left anterior descending artery are more likely to affect flow because they supply a…

…the right precordial leads [7]. Septal q waves are usually absent [7]. Stricter Criteria : These require a QRS duration exceeding 140 msec in males and…

…than NSTEMI, and up to two thirds of infarctions are anterior. The risk of ACS is greatest during the third trimester and postpartum period, although…

…defect (VSD) and papillary muscle rupture with acute severe mitral regurgitation—predominant right ventricular (RV) infarction, cardiac rupture with tamponade, and less common causes such…

…the normal heart axis is between –30° and 90°. If the axis is more positive than 90° it is referred to as right axis deviation…

…the normal heart axis is between –30° and 90°. If the axis is more positive than 90° it is referred to as right axis deviation…

…The most important of these, and their implications, are as follows: The size of the thrombus (i.e the degree of artery obstruction): The greater…

…IA, IC and III antiarrhythmics. Tricyclic antidepressants . Lithium. Cholinesterase inhibitors. Methyldopa. Reserpine. Clonidine. Conditions Myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction (can cause permanent bradycardia, particularly anterior infarctions)…

…of the bundle of His, the left and right bundle branches and the fascicles of the left bundle branch (Figure 1). The interventricular septum obtains…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Coronary artery disease (ischemic heart disease) Coronary artery disease, which is synonymous with ischemic heart disease, is the most common…

…such as heart failure, structural heart disease, fibrosis of the conduction system and acute myocardial infarction (particularly anterior STEMI). Hence, an acute myocardial infarction may…

…LBB) and the right bundle branch (RBB). The left bundle branch further divides into the anterior and posterior fascicles. The bundle branches and fascicles play…

…anterolateral 12. mid anterolateral These 17 segments can be arranged as a polar (bull's eye) plot with the apex in the center, the four…

…anterior axillary line, on level with V4. V6: placed on level with V4 and V5, in the mid axillary line. V4R: placed on the right…

…left anterior descending artery). This ECG pattern is referred to as de Winter's ECG . Figure 3 provides all clinically relevant differential diagnoses, and their…

…left ventricle is subdivided into 4 walls: inferior , anterior , lateral and septal wall ( Figure 2 below). An inferior myocardial infarction refers to an infarction located…

…It is localized immediately behind the sternum and thus is the most anteriorly located part of the heart. The right ventricle has a complicated anatomy…

… it does not exclude Diastolic collapse of the right atrium and right ventricle The cardinal echocardiographic finding A dilated inferior vena cava without respiratory variation…