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Urinary catheterisation

…The balloon is filled with sterile water according to the volume printed on the catheter , usually 10 mL in adults. Do not use saline — the…

Laryngeal mask and difficult airway

…requiring a view down into the larynx. The difficult airway rarely kills because the tube would not pass, but because the team keeps trying to…

Spirometry

…aside time, coach actively, and do not accept a trace you would not be prepared to show a colleague. Indications Investigation of chronic cough, dyspnoea…

Wound suturing

…at normal concentrations; be cautious nonetheless in known peripheral vascular disease and follow local practice. Inject through the wound edge , not through intact skin — it

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…toes, heel Edge Irregular, shallow Sharp, punched out Surrounded by callus Wound bed Fibrin covered, granulating, copious exudate Dry, necrotic, pale Variable, often deep Pain…

Casting and immobilisation

…comes after the injury, not before — and that an edge or a fold presses on a bony prominence until the skin breaks down. An acute…

Injection technique — intramuscular, subcutaneous and intradermal

…rate, about 1 mL per 3–5 seconds. 7. Withdraw the needle at the same angle and press with a dry swab. Do not massage…

Soft tissue corticosteroid injection

…an NSAID, an orthosis — has not given a sufficient effect. Contraindications Absolute: Cellulitis, a skin wound or other infection over the injection site. Bacteraemia or…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes — the wound may not heal. Over superficial nerves…

Empirical antibiotic therapy: quick reference for common infections

…5–7 mg/kg IV as a single dose Urosepsis with shock and suspected ESBL meropenem 1 g × 3 IV Do not treat asymptomatic bacteriuria…

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