…the roots of the cauda equina. If in doubt: choose a level lower, never higher. 3. Mark the puncture site, clean in wide circles and…

Arrhythmias and arrhythmology ECG Diagnosis and management of narrow and wide complex tachycardia All clinically significant supraventricular and ventricular tachyarrhythmias have been reviewed in previous…

…tachycardia (SVT) with wide QRS complex. The algorithm entails 5 criteria, which are tested sequentially (Figure 1). Figure 1. Flowchart of Brugada's algorithm for…

…causes tamponade. The indication rests on the clinical picture together with echocardiographic signs of tamponade — not on how wide the rim of fluid looks. With…

…block with wide QRS complexes; do not delay pacing in order to try yet another dose. Chronotropic support is given as an infusion of isoprenaline…

…early termination of diastolic flow Jet width colour Doppler small,, < 10 mm length, narrow origin variable large, wide origin Ratio pulmonic to aortic flow…

…the ventricles it will spread partly or entirely outside of the conduction system and thus produce a wide QRS complex (QRS duration ≥0.12 s…

…ventricles. A wide range of conditions may cause ventricular tachycardia and the ECG is as nuanced as are those conditions. Regardless of etiology and ECG…

…the investigation will be usable. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) Indications Confirmation of newly detected hypertension — recommended before treatment is started . Suspected white coat hypertension…

…very rarely life threatening. Causes of tachyarrhythmia with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥ 0.12 s): the commonest cause is ventricular tachycardia, which is a…

…5 mg/mL: clean with 3–4 swabs in wide circles and let it dry for a couple of minutes before the needle is inserted…

…and it is asked of a patient who is haemodynamically stable enough for there to be time to ask it. Indications Wide complex tachycardia where…

…Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥0,12 s) : ventricular tachycardia is the most common cause and it is potentially life…

…75% of CT series; other angiographic descriptions report rates of approximately 5–10%, while fewer than 5% of otherwise normal angiograms demonstrate bridging. The wide…

…of asthma symptoms. Adenosine should be used with caution in patients with obstructive lung disease or asthma. Irregular wide complex tachycardia (absolute contraindication) . Irregular wide…

…to the ECG in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Nevertheless, to detect hypertrophy/dilatation using the ECG, a wide range of criteria and algorithms have…

…the pacemaker. A wide range of settings can be adjusted. These settings include the base rate of the pacemaker (the lowest heart rate allowed, which…

…if the QRS complexes are wide there is a risk of distal block which may progress to more advanced block (second or third degree AV…

…In addition to stimulation artifacts, ventricular pacing yields wide QRS complexes with LBBB morphology (i.e left bundle branch block appearance). This is explained by…

…the most promising improvement. 1 Given the wide use of pacemakers and the trend towards increased use of cardiac devices in general, it is crucial…

…features of LBBB include a QRS duration of ≥0.12 seconds, a deep and broad S wave in leads V1 and V2, and a wide…

…refer to chapter The Coronary Arteries. Mitral valve disease A wide range of conditions may cause mitral valve disease, which results in changes in the…

…set to be triggered by the atrial impulse. Another cause of pacemaker mediated tachycardia is endless loop tachycardia, which also depends on the ventricular stimulation…

…radiotracers emit gamma photons directly. These gamma rays are detected by gamma cameras to create tomographic images of the left ventricle. In PET (Positron Emission…

…input (leading to stimulation of beta adrenergic receptors) and parasympathetic withdrawal. Sinus tachycardia secondary to disease and medications : A wide range of diseases and medications…

…phase model of sudden cardiac arrest. According to Weisfeldt et al (2002) . The existence of these stages is supported by a wide range of experimental…

…of third degree AV block On the ECG P waves have no relation to the QRS complexes. The QRS complexes may be normal or wide…

…seconds). The QRS complex is wide simply because the ectopic impulses that cause these rhythms spread partially or entirely outside of the ventricular conduction system…

…critically examines the diagnostic algorithms for wide complex tachycardia (WCT), the acute management of both stable and unstable presentations, the critical entity of electrical storm…

…with wide bore tubing. Working suction, oxygen and complete equipment for intubation and ventilation must be to hand before the lavage begins. The head of…

…the nose. Preparation and equipment A tube of a suitable size. A wide bore tube (Ch 14–18) of polyvinyl chloride for decompression and evacuation;…

…early termination of diastolic flow Jet width colour Doppler small,, < 10 mm length, narrow origin variable large, wide origin Ratio pulmonic to aortic flow…

…must if your into emergency medicine. Broome docs Dr Casey Parker's site covers a wide range of topics. The archive is loaded with great…

…Wide (also referred to as broad) QRS complexes indicate that ventricular depolarization is slow, which may be a consequence of disturbances in the electrical conduction…

…and wide QRS is indicative of 'Ventricular pre excitation', and QRS duration ≥140 ms is considered 'Profound nonspecific intra ventricular conduction delay', both of which…

…recurrence of a wide variety of supraventricular tachycardias (SVTs), including atrial flutter, atrial tachycardia, AV node reentry, and AV reentry. In the management of AF…

…of extreme axis deviation Extreme axis deviation is rare. It is most likely due to misplaced limb electrodes. If the rhythm is tachycardia with wide…

…I and II. Heart axis deviation: right axis deviation (RAD) and left axis deviation (LAD) Causes of right axis deviation Normal in newborns. Right ventricular…

…millimeters) between the J point and the baseline (the PR segment). ST segment deviation occurs in a wide range of conditions, particularly acute myocardial ischemia…

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

…in the next chapters, fundamental aspects of rhythm will also be covered in this discussion (refer to Normal Rhythm and Arrhythmias). Also note that this…

…V5, V6) and inferior (II, aVF and III) leads. There are four principal causes of J waves, namely hypothermia, Brugada syndrome, early repolarization and hypercalcemia…

…Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥0,12 s) : ventricular tachycardia is the most common cause and it is potentially life…

…This will also yield a wide QRS complex. Altered QRS morphology – Because the normal sequence of depolarization is altered in bundle branch blocks and fascicular…

…intraventricular conduction delays were at particularly high risk of death due to arrhythmias. Note that other causes of wide QRS complex must always be considered…

…cause of pericarditis is infections, in particular viral infections. This explains why pericarditis may affect individuals of all ages. However, a wide range of local…

…ECG, clinical characteristics and management Pre excitation The atrioventricular node and bundle of His are normally the only communication between the atria and the ventricles…

…wide (QRS duration ≥0.12 s) if there is a left or right bundle branch block. Commonly, the premature atrial impulse arrives before one of…

…Treatment of sinoatrial arrest/pause Sinus arrest/pause due to increased vagal tone does not necessitate treatment but it might be wise to observe the…

…in V1. V7–V9 should display a positive T wave. T wave abnormalities are common and occur in a wide range of conditions. Unfortunately, many…

…lines to create a 90° wide and 15 cm deep image requires approximately 40 milliseconds (ms). Increasing the number of ultrasound lines or image depth…

…heart failure armamentarium. Its use has declined over time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its…

…are evidence of myocardial infarction Myocardial infarction – particularly if extensive in size – typically manifests with pathological Q waves. These Q waves are wider and deeper…

…approximately 5% alcohol, 5 fluid ounces of wine containing approximately 12% alcohol, or 1.5 fluid ounces of 40% distilled spirits. Habitual heavy consumption is…

…need for a pressure wire altogether. In parallel, large outcome trials have clarified, and in some cases substantially narrowed, the role of revascularization itself in…

…a dynamic (varying) ST segment is suggestive of myocardial ischemia. It is wise to connect the patient to continuous ECG (ST) monitoring in order to…

…thrombolysis and PCI wire crossing. Exact times are needed for continued management and quality follow up. STEMI: time targets and choice of reperfusion Primary PCI…

…compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part…

…the cube root of the RR interval. Studies suggest that Fridericia’s formula may provide more accurate corrections across a wider range of heart rates…

…of secondary T wave inversions (lead V5, V6, aVL, I). ECG in moderate hyperkalaemia Previously mentioned ECG changes becomes more pronounced. P waves become wider…