…Tamponade is a clinical diagnosis supported by echocardiography: Finding Comment : : Hypotension, distended neck veins, muffled heart sounds Beck's triad; complete in a minority Tachycardia…

…Management : : : Medial triangle of the face (nasal root, alae nasi, upper lip) Venous drainage towards the cavernous sinus Surgeon or ENT; often antibiotics Palm, fingers…

…for assessing the right side of the heart, despite difficulties in visualizing it. Previously, the PA catheter ( Pulmonary Artery Catheter , also called Swan Ganz catheter…

…exceptions. Prior to the Doppler era, hemodynamic assessments were performed by means of right heart catheterization (with Swan Ganz catheter [ pulmonary artery catheter ]). However, hemodynamic…

…It is performed using a non contrast, electrocardiographically gated computed tomography (CT) scan. Image acquisition generally requires a single breath hold and does not require…

…Perform a bladder scan in oliguria, anuria or unexplained AKI. 3. Assess the circulation and volume status, including signs of both hypovolaemia and venous congestion…

…alcohol or chlorhexidine swab. Let the skin dry completely before inserting the needle — alcohol carried in with the needle stings. Needles of the correct length…

…different position or a different vessel. Choice of site Vessel Advantages Disadvantages : : : Internal jugular vein (right) Best ultrasound conditions, a straight course to the superior…

…a reduced level of consciousness, focal neurological signs or seizures — because the delay costs more than the scan contributes. Only clinical signs of herniation halt…

…help using the words massive haemorrhage , and state the patient's location and identity, the presumed cause of bleeding, and how the products are to…

…first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner there than on the right, and…

…intercostal spaces below the upper border of the fluid, but never below the ninth rib . Procedure Ultrasound localisation 1. Scan in the position in which…

…coach actively, and do not accept a trace you would not be prepared to show a colleague. Indications Investigation of chronic cough, dyspnoea, wheeze or…

…movements from the centre outwards. Change the swab between strokes. 3. Instil 10–20 mL of lidocaine gel into the urethra. Pinch the meatus closed…

…may coexist, and certain disease entities can span both categories; for example, acute heart failure may occur in the context of acute myocardial ischaemia, though…