…Complications : Post surgical complications following thoracic procedures can cause tamponade. Tamponade with swinging heart of the pericardium. Source. Rapid diagnosis of cardiac tamponade is possible…

…patients therefore require protection against inhibition during the period of anticipated EMI. The perioperative strategy should also recognize that CRT patients may rely on continuous…

Procedurer The biopsy method determines what the pathologist can report. A shave biopsy of a pigmented lesion that turns out to be a melanoma can…

…and by feel nail spicules are left behind — which is the commonest cause of recurrence. Indications Condition Procedure : : Acute paronychia with fluctuance or visible pus…

…comorbidities Surgical risk and contraindications to prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy Patient preferences, local expertise and operator or institutional experience Assessment of coronary complexity The SYNTAX…

…Procedure Insertion of the laryngeal mask 1. Check the mask, remove air from the cuff so that it is flat with a slightly upturned leading…

…and in patients with diabetes or renal failure the index may be falsely normal because of medial sclerosis — in that case add toe pressure measurement…

Procedurer The insertion itself is rarely the difficult part — it is the confirmation of the position that determines whether the tube is safe. A misplaced…

…a syringe for the cuff, a cuff manometer. A laryngeal mask of the correct size as a rescue airway, and surgical airway equipment (a size…

…counterpart of pulsus paradoxus Contraindications In overt tamponade with shock there are no absolute contraindications other than the conditions in which the procedure is the…

…tolerate the procedure while awake. Suspected necrotising fasciitis — pain that is disproportionately severe, a rapid course, skin discolouration, systemic upset — is an acute surgical emergency…

Procedurer The ankle brachial index is the cheapest and most accessible method of objectively demonstrating peripheral arterial disease, and it is needed more often than…

…vascular and bleeding complications than femoral access. In patients with acute coronary syndrome, randomized evidence has demonstrated lower rates of access site bleeding, surgical repair…

…and prior revascularization procedures. In many patients, the burden is sufficiently severe to limit ordinary activities and substantially impair quality of life. The clinical impact…

…of survival. In such instances, favorable neurological outcomes are possible even with prolonged periods of no blood flow, due to the reduced metabolic rate that…

…CABG]). Stress testing is used to establish the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease as well as estimating the extent of ischemia. After revascularization procedures, stress…

…control of shivering. Procedure 1. Start temperature management early — within the first hour after ROSC, in parallel with coronary angiography, the search for the cause…

…over 99% of the ventricular arrhythmias they detect. It lies instead in patient selection. Because implantation entails appreciable cost and procedural risk, the risk benefit…

…or surgical embolectomy where available. A vasopressor (noradrenaline) and cautious fluid administration. Large fluid volumes worsen an already strained right ventricle. Clinical probability in the…

…survive with satisfactory quality of life if the circulation is temporarily supported by ECMO. Furthermore, ECMO might be required to facilitate procedures such as percutaneous…

…diastolic volume of the ventricle (EDV) is reduced. Constrictive pericarditis also leads to right sided heart failure, which is explained by the fact that high…

…Identification of exercise related ST segment changes Prognostic and risk stratification information Assessment of response to selected medical, revascularization, rehabilitation, ablative or surgical interventions The…

…and surgical pathology demonstrate that over 90% of thrombi in non valvular AF originate within this specific anatomical cul de sac [19] . Concurrently, the atrial…

…SP, Frankel T, Cohn LH, Adams DH. Long term outcomes of tricuspid valve replacement in the current era. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;80:845–850.

…Quantifies the magnitude of intracardiac shunts, distinguishing hemodynamically significant defects from incidental findings. Guidance for Intervention : A Qp/Qs 1.5 often warrants surgical or…

…requires urgent surgical or transcatheter intervention, with temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) considered as a bridge. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms Symptoms of STEMI The usual…

…half of STEMI cases, a precipitating factor such as vigorous physical exercise, emotional stress, or a medical or surgical illness is present before the event…

…factor is identifiable in up to one half of cases. Reported precipitants include vigorous physical activity, emotional stress, and an intercurrent medical or surgical illness…

…options include quinidine, ranolazine, and procainamide [4]. Catheter Ablation : Catheter ablation may be employed as an interventional alternative to suppress the arrhythmia [4]. Relief of…

…GUCH) disease Survival in congenital heart disease (CHD) has increased dramatically over the past few decades. This has resulted in an increased prevalence of congenital…

…The chain of survival is only as strong as its weakest link, which means that all components of the chain must function and interact flawlessly…

…on the ward Situation Target plasma glucose : : Most inpatients 6–10 mmol/L Frail older people, a short expected survival, a high risk of hypoglycaemia…

…should be viewed as approximations due to the following: Registry data indicate that survival is possible with longer periods of no flow ( Rawshani et al…

…cordis include: Arrhythmias : Ventricular or supraventricular arrhythmias (bradyarrhythmia or tachyarrhythmia). Atrial or ventricular rupture : In severe cases, there can be a rupture of the atria…

…However, the presumed relationship between viability, recovery of ejection fraction, and survival has been challenged by randomized trials. Relationship between viability and LV recovery Observational…

…a lesion proximal to the first septal perforator of the left anterior descending artery was associated with lower five year survival than a more distal…

…Use of cannabis, electronic cigarettes or other inhaled products. Readiness to attempt cessation. Depression, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, HIV infection or other circumstances that may affect…

…More than half of deaths attributable to ventricular fibrillation occur during the first hour, making rapid recognition, defibrillation capability and expedited reperfusion central to survival…

…meaning that the efficacy of these interventions is much lower or uncertain. Indeed, the greatest opportunities for survival exist during the first few minutes from…

…dysfunction (heart failure) and arrhythmias. The annual risk of sudden cardiac arrest is <1% and median survival is 3 years. Long term prognosis in aortiv…

…the greater the likelihood that the rhythm will be VF or pulseless VT (i.e. shockable), and the probability of survival is higher (since these…

…may be the single strongest factor driving improvement in survival rates. Intervention Included in BLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac…

…the rate of survival to hospital admission is 22%, but the rate of survival to hospital discharge is only 8.8%, which demonstrates that the…

…and there are currently no effective treatments that modify the natural course in these conditions. Yet, long term survival is slightly better among patients with…

…and there are currently no effective treatments that modify the natural course in these conditions. Yet, long term survival is slightly better among patients with…

…illustrated by the use of ACE inhibitors and beta blockers in heart failure; these drugs antagonize neurohormonal mechanisms and improve cardiac function and survival dramatically…

…is the most lethal manifestation of cardiovascular disease, accounting for 50% of all cardiovascular deaths ( Tsao et al ). A recent meta analysis showed that survival…

…examining the efficacy of ICD (implantable cardioverter defibrillator). An ICD is programmed to detect VF/VT and defibrillate within 10—20 seconds. Studies show that…

…depth of 4.7 cm. This combination was consistent across different ages, sexes, initial rhythms, and the use of CPR adjuncts. Defibrillation is the most…

…into the left ventricle (i.e. septal bulging ). Bedside echocardiography allows for immediate recognition of tamponade. Typically, acute tamponade arises from aortic dissection, and survival…

…history of gastrointestinal bleeding Refeeding syndrome There is a risk in starvation, alcoholism, anorexia nervosa, or more than 5 days without nutrition. Check the phosphate…

…diseases Cardiovascular effects of COVID 19 Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID 19) has caused a global public health crisis. It is believed that the virus was…

…reduces the slope of diastolic depolarisation and produces a dose dependent reduction in sinus rate. Its principal therapeutic distinction from beta blockers is that it…

…more frequently associated with anterior infarction than with inferoposterior infarction [4]. Myocardial Necrosis : The occurrence of LBBB (as a form of bifascicular block) is linked…

…improves survival and reduces cardiovascular mortality in patients with coronary artery disease irrespective of the baseline cholesterol concentration. Intensive statin treatment is more effective than…

…cardiac arrest, as evidenced by the fact that only 0.5% of all hangings exhibit VF on the initial ECG recording ( Kitamura et al, Deasy…

…5th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. Thoracostomy This method is generally deemed safer than using a needle due to reduced risk of injury…

…J, Toivio T, et al. Does appropriate treatment of the primary underlying cause of PEA during resuscitation improve patients' survival? Resuscitation 2012; 83:81922. Mroczek…

…J, Toivio T, et al. Does appropriate treatment of the primary underlying cause of PEA during resuscitation improve patients’ survival? Resuscitation 2012;83:81922. Mroczek…

…worse survival than cases occurring in public places, where there are people who can provide CPR, alert the ambulance and use a public defibrillator. Survival…