…frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example — may be enough to precipitate the condition…

…induce severe hypotension. • Clonidine is not recommended in most patients with severe cardiovascular disease or in those who are otherwise haemodynamically unstable. The benefit of…

…A patient with BPPV is usually relatively free of symptoms between the brief attacks. Lying down, turning over in bed or looking up triggers a…

…patients with risk factors. Check what applies in your own region. The time limit is not a guarantee. Where the stroke risk is high or…

…not the skin. Aspiration needle (iliac crest or sternal needle with stylet) and a Jamshidi type biopsy needle. Syringes: a small 5–10 mL syringe…

…wave to synchronise to; sync mode would block the shock entirely The patient Awake or sedated — requires sedation Unconscious In polymorphic VT, sync must be…

…heavy sedation, surgery — and cardiac arrest. Contraindications There are no absolute contraindications in the emergency situation. Consider alternatives when: Intubation is not consistent with the…

…the reaction. The battery must come out immediately, with a hook, forceps or suction, and if that is not possible on the spot, ENT must…

…for delirium every shift BIS (during neuromuscular blockade) 40–60 Targeted light sedation with a daily wake up trial shortens the time on the ventilator…

…in finger dislocation Procedural sedation Propofol, ketamine or a combination. It requires a fasting history, two people, full monitoring and airway preparedness With procedural sedation…

…Performance involves sedation (e.g., intravenous midazolam, propofol, or etomidate), routine blood pressure and oximetry monitoring, availability of atropine, isoproterenol, or transcutaneous pacing for post…

…6°C (97.7 99.7°F). It arises when heat production or acquisition surpasses the body's capacity for heat elimination. Hyperthermia can induce an inflammatory…

…so. Offer nitrous oxide, oral or intravenous analgesia, or procedural sedation in advance. Inadequate analgesia is the commonest reason for an incompletely performed drainage. Procedure…

…7.35 with raised pCO₂ Acute or acute on chronic hypercapnic respiratory failure Rapidly falling pH An urgent ventilatory problem Focal chest pain or unilaterally…

…often visual, auditory or tactile hallucinations with a relatively clear level of consciousness and preserved orientation 12 to 48 hours Withdrawal seizures, usually generalised tonic…

…with at least one of the following: airway compromise respiratory compromise circulatory compromise severe gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly after exposure to a drug, insect venom or…

…consent if the patient is awake, and scan the vessel with ultrasound before you drape — a thrombosed or non compressible vein changes the plan wh

…in a person with type 1 diabetes , not even before fasting or an investigation. Stopping it leads to ketoacidosis within hours. Treatment with correction doses…

…Sedation precedes respiratory depression and is the early warning sign. Choice of agent Situation Choice Reason : : : An opioid naive adult with normal renal function Morphine…

…or reduce both Red flags and pitfalls A respiratory rate < 8/min, or an increasing level of sedation , are signs of overdose. Sedation precedes…

…and always urgent. A large pericardial effusion with symptoms despite medical treatment. Diagnostic drainage in suspected purulent pericarditis, tuberculosis or malignancy. Tamponade is a clinical…

…temperature to 33 °C has not been shown to improve survival or the neurological outcome compared with keeping the patient normothermic — but fever after cardiac…

…and sedation: an opioid (morphine or fentanyl) combined with a benzodiazepine (midazolam or diazepam) is the commonest combination; propofol is used in units with airway…

…Sedation and Intubation : Along with anxiolytics, these measures minimize sympathetic surges [4]. Surgical Interventions : Stellate ganglion block (SGB) or cardiac surgical sympathetic denervation can be…