…not the end. In a frail older patient an apparently small insult — sleep deprivation, urinary retention or a new sedative drug, for example — may be…

…antidepressants reduces the effect of clonidine. • Clonidine increases the CNS depressive effects of alcohol and sedatives. Clonidine doses and administration in hypertension (hypertensive crisis/emergency).

…antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of TiTrATE, in which Timing, Triggers And Targeted Examination guide…

…under sedation, at an energy level according to the local protocol. An anticoagulant is given as soon as possible, but must not delay cardioversion in…

…into the mediastinum. The anterior superior iliac spine is a second line alternative in marked obesity or when the supine position is necessary. After previous…

…patient Awake or sedated — requires sedation Unconscious In polymorphic VT, sync must be switched off. The defibrillator finds no stable R wave, and in sync…

…up, always with the light checked. Tubes in three sizes, a stylet or bougie taken out and shaped before induction , a syringe for the cuff…

…or superiorly. Attempts already made and failed elsewhere. A child who cannot be kept still without sedation. Suspected tympanic membrane perforation. Irrigation is contraindicated in…

…Comment : : : MAP ≥ 65 mmHg 80–85 mmHg in chronic hypertension or when there are signs of inadequate perfusion Urine output 0.5 mL/kg/h…

…Inadequate analgesia or sedation — the procedure must not then be started. Radiography before reduction A radiograph is taken before reduction in a first time dislocation…

…Performance involves sedation (e.g., intravenous midazolam, propofol, or etomidate), routine blood pressure and oximetry monitoring, availability of atropine, isoproterenol, or transcutaneous pacing for post…

…resulting in persistent muscle contraction upon administration of halogenated anesthetic agents. As an idiosyncratic response to substances such as MDMA (ecstasy) or amphetamines. In either…

…so. Offer nitrous oxide, oral or intravenous analgesia, or procedural sedation in advance. Inadequate analgesia is the commonest reason for an incompletely performed drainage. Procedure…

…an exacerbation A COPD exacerbation is an acute or subacute worsening of dyspnoea, cough and sputum in particular that exceeds the patient's normal variation…

…suspicion of another or an additional cause [1]. Delirium tremens most often begins after one to three days but can start earlier in patients with…

…respiratory or circulatory compromise despite two adequate intramuscular doses of adrenaline and initial fluid treatment Adrenaline infusion and advanced resuscitation in a monitored setting The…

…would be poorly tolerated. A patient who cannot lie flat or cannot cooperate — consider sedation, a different position or a different vessel. Choice of site…

…nausea and delayed gastric emptying. Bear this in mind before sedation and endoscopy DPP 4 inhibitor A low risk of hypoglycaemia; it can usually be…

…when a modified release preparation is started in an opioid naive patient, or when a conversion between drugs is made without reduction for incomplete cross…

…among the common opioids in renal failure Ketobemidone IV 2.5–5 mg Oral bioavailability about 35 per cent Paracetamol PO or IV 1 g…

…and where no liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and…

…the return of spontaneous circulation , whether the arrest occurred in or out of hospital and whatever the initial rhythm. It applies to both shockable and…

…Analgesia and sedation: an opioid (morphine or fentanyl) combined with a benzodiazepine (midazolam or diazepam) is the commonest combination; propofol is used in units with…

…hemodynamic support [4]. Advanced Therapies : Consideration of endomyocardial biopsy or anti inflammatory therapies may be warranted in specific clinical contexts [4]. Reduction of Sympathetic Drive…