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Pulmonary embolism: quick reference for risk stratification and treatment

…and a saturation < 90 per cent. An sPESI of 0 indicates low risk. Anticoagulation A DOAC is the first choice in pulmonary embolism without…

Central venous catheter

…catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted peripheral venous access during prolonged intravenous therapy…

Status epilepticus: quick reference for emergency treatment

…monitoring, intravenous or intraosseous access, a targeted history At 5 minutes A full, adequate dose of a benzodiazepine About 10 minutes Repeat the benzodiazepine once…

Pericardiocentesis

…same probe as for echocardiography) and a sterile probe cover. Continuous ECG, blood pressure and saturation monitoring; a defibrillator to hand. Sterile gown and gloves…

Sepsis and septic shock: quick reference for the first hour

…GCS Respiration A respiratory rate of at least 22/min, increased work of breathing, a new oxygen requirement, a saturation below 93 per cent on…

Endotracheal intubation

…Working venous access, fluid and a vasopressor drawn up — push dose noradrenaline or phenylephrine must be ready before induction , not looked for afterwards. Monitoring: ECG…

Hypoglycaemia: quick reference for emergency management

…the sample and send a venous plasma glucose, but do not delay treatment of a neurologically compromised patient. Continuous glucose monitoring reflects interstitial glucose and…

Opioid therapy in severe pain

…Contraindications Ongoing respiratory depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given…

Leg ulcers — wound debridement and compression therapy

…closer monitoring — the patient cannot feel pressure injury Peripheral neuropathy of other cause As above Severe pain Titrate the pressure up gradually Rheumatoid arthritis with…

Urinary alkalinisation

…Heart failure, pulmonary oedema and other conditions with a high risk of fluid overload — a relative contraindication requiring invasive monitoring and slower administration. Significant metabolic…

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