…catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted peripheral venous access during prolonged intravenous therapy…

…monitoring, intravenous or intraosseous access, a targeted history At 5 minutes A full, adequate dose of a benzodiazepine About 10 minutes Repeat the benzodiazepine once…

…same probe as for echocardiography) and a sterile probe cover. Continuous ECG, blood pressure and saturation monitoring; a defibrillator to hand. Sterile gown and gloves…

…GCS Respiration A respiratory rate of at least 22/min, increased work of breathing, a new oxygen requirement, a saturation below 93 per cent on…

…Intermediate–high Stable Yes Raised Admission with monitoring. Be prepared for rescue thrombolysis Intermediate–low Stable One of the two positive Admission Low Stable No…

…Working venous access, fluid and a vasopressor drawn up — push dose noradrenaline or phenylephrine must be ready before induction , not looked for afterwards. Monitoring: ECG…

…the sample and send a venous plasma glucose, but do not delay treatment of a neurologically compromised patient. Continuous glucose monitoring reflects interstitial glucose and…

…Contraindications Ongoing respiratory depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given…

…closer monitoring — the patient cannot feel pressure injury Peripheral neuropathy of other cause As above Severe pain Titrate the pressure up gradually Rheumatoid arthritis with…

…monitoring and slower administration. Significant metabolic alkalosis or an arterial pH above 7.55 already before starting. Severe hypernatraemia. Preparation and equipment Two peripheral venous…