…dependent. Similarly, angioedema occurring in the setting of ACE inhibitor therapy is bradykinin mediated rather than mast cell mediated, distinguishing it from classic allergic reactions…

…question. A patient who declines blood transfusion. The decision must be documented and alternatives (iron, tranexamic acid, cell salvage, haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A…

Procedurer Oxygen is a drug and must be prescribed as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation…

…by the fact that there is no (or very little) turnover of myocardial cells and therefore myocardial troponins should not be detected in the blood…

…severe, myocardial necrosis. It most commonly reflects atherothrombosis: disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque followed by platelet activation and coagulation, with formation of an intraluminal thrombus…

…ECG) To ensure effective cardiac pumping function, the atria and the ventricles must be activated rapidly and sequentially. Rapid activation is important in order to…

…neuronal cell death begins in the central ischemic zone, where the ischemia is most pronounced and extends towards the penumbra zone (the outermost and less…

…made is unusable, no matter how well the puncture went. Indications Unexplained cytopenia in one or more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or…

…moment the spray starts. Let the tissue thaw completely between cycles — it is the freeze–thaw–freeze cycle that causes cell death, not the cold…

…always weighs more heavily). A joint prosthesis: the aspiration must be performed by an orthopaedic surgeon under strictly sterile conditions. For corticosteroid injection there is…

Prepare for clinical practice and the Cardiology Board Exam with our comprehensive quiz, designed based on the most recent AHA, ACC, and ESC guidelines. The…