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Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: Risk Assessment and Prevention

…In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, even mild baseline renal dysfunction is associated with worse outcomes. The risk of death at 1 year is increased…

Principles and Preparations for Echocardiographic Examinations

…height, ECG, blood pressure, heart rate, ECG. References Narula et al: Time to Add a Fifth Pillar to Bedside Physical Examination: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation…

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (broken heart syndrome, stress induced cardiomyopathy)

…broken heart syndrome) is a rather peculiar and certainly acute condition. Much research has been devoted to it in recent years. Most cases (70%) of…

Acute exacerbation of COPD: quick reference

…Pneumonia, heart failure, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax and acute coronary syndrome must be actively considered [1]. Do the following early: 1. Assess airway, work of breathing…

Cardiovascular effects of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019)

…in some individuals the infection may be severe and deadly. Importantly, COVID 19 has caused an unprecedented number of severe and deadly infections among young…

Management and treatment of AV block (atrioventricular blocks)

…choice of device therapy and also suggest whether other interventions (e.g. heart failure management, evaluation for coronary artery disease, etc .) are warranted. Management of…

Endocarditis: definitions, causes, diagnosis, echocardiography & treatment

…Endocarditis implies that a bacterial infection engages the heart valves and this is a serious condition. The focus of infection on the flap is called…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…is reached. Indications Diagnostic aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear cause. An effusion not confidently explained by heart failure must be aspirated. Suspected empyema…

Cardiac arrest due to pneumothorax

…Etiologies of tension pneumothorax include: Traumatic injuries (blunt force, lacerations, gunshot wounds) Asthmatic episodes Iatrogenic events (e.g., during central venous catheter insertion) Underlying lung…

Common laboratory tests

Referensvärden Reference ranges are statistical: by definition they encompass 95 % of a healthy reference population, which means that one healthy value in twenty falls outside…

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