…Ultrasound with a high frequency linear probe when the pulse is weak, after previous failed attempts, or in children. A rolled towel to place under…

…in patients with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), chronic coronary syndrome (CCS), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Its principal therapeutic objective…

…10. Call anaesthetics and intensive care early with life threatening features or an inadequate response. First line treatment is oxygen in hypoxaemia, repeated doses of…

…drug has been shown to improve the neurological outcome in cardiac arrest. High quality compressions with minimal interruptions and early defibrillation are what determine the…

…drug over the other. Mathew et al. Milrinone as Compared with Dobutamine in the Treatment of Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med 2021; 385:516…

…acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around the isoelectric line. Most…

…Definition and pharmacological basis Ezetimibe is a non statin lipid lowering agent that inhibits the Niemann–Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) transporter in the intestine…

…acquired). The VT is polymorphic with a gradual alteration in the QRS amplitude, often with twisting of the QRS complex around the isoelectric line. Most…

…single breath hold No intravenous line No premedication No special preparation Radiation exposure of approximately 1–1.5 mSv with contemporary techniques The total CAC…

Echocardiography Continuous Wave Doppler In continuous wave Doppler (CW Doppler), ultrasound waves are continuously emitted from the transducer and the reflections of these waves are…

…crystals. The density of the ultrasound lines decreases with increasing distance from the transducer; this affects the lateral resolution as explained in Figure 3. Figure…

…still used in clinical practice. M mode provides a one dimensional view of all reflectors (i.e structures reflecting ultrasound waves) along one ultrasound line…

…in some cases up to 6 hours or more. Discuss this with the poison control centre. Gastric lavage is considered only after a life threatening…

…In septic shock, or where sepsis is highly likely, antibiotics must be given immediately [3]. This quick reference applies chiefly to adults with neutropenia related…

…R. Open chest versus closed chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation in trauma patients with signs of life of life hospital arrival upon arrival: a retrospective multicenter study…

…line, on level with V4. V6: placed on level with V4 and V5, in the mid axillary line. V4R: placed on the right medioclavicular line…

…is capable of recording these flow variations with high precision. To calculate flow across a valve, the Doppler line is placed in the valve orifice…

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least…

…consideration for patients with low blood pressure secondary to a low cardiac output. Its primary clinical utility in contemporary practice is late line therapy for…

…line investigation for patients with low risk of CAD. Risk stratification : Myocardial perfusion imaging is valuable for assessing the risk of future cardiac events in…

…also used frequently in the emergency setting to control ventricular rate during supraventricular tachycardias (e.g.atrial fibrillation). Because digoxin may cause life threatening arrhythmias…

…below). This chapter presents recommendations for conducting a standard transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) examination and it is in line with guidelines issued by ASE, EACVI and…

…of acute STEMI is discussed in detail below. The clinical definitions and recommendations presented in this chapter are in line with guidelines issued by the…

…shows the most fluid, usually in the scapular line one to two intercostal spaces below the upper border of the fluid, but never below the…

…of known HPA suppression to determine whether replacement can be stopped. The test is not the first line investigation in a suspected acute crisis. There…

…anaphylaxis in any of the following: 1. Acute onset of skin or mucosal symptoms , for example generalised urticaria, itching, flushing or angio oedema, together with…

…and in the uncontrolled emergency — but it should be changed or removed once the situation has stabilised. Preparation and equipment A central line set with…

…line is often appropriate when very rapid or precise control is required, for example in acute aortic syndrome, marked neurological organ damage, or treatment with…

…line option). 10.0–20.0 μg/kg/min ++++ ++++ ++ +++++ High dose dopamine additionally induces α1 stimulation and thereby vasoconstriction with a marked rise in…

…Keep the saturation in the lower part of the target range. Paraquat poisoning — oxygen worsens the lung injury. Discuss with your national or regional poison…

…sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, sick sinus syndrome with long pauses. Bradycardia in poisoning with a beta blocker, a calcium channel blocker or digitalis, while awaiting…

…life threatening arrhythmic events in individuals with LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3. This model was developed using a single center longitudinal cohort and subsequently validated with…

…life threatening arrhythmic events in individuals with LQT1, LQT2, and LQT3. This model was developed using a single center longitudinal cohort and subsequently validated with…

…drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG…

…drug manual for use in the CCU (coronary care unit), ICU (intensive care unit) or ER (emergency room). Careful electrocardiographic and hemodynamic monitoring with ECG…

…syndrome are fairly specific to the disorder, provided that the clinical characteristics are in line with the disorder. There are however other disorders that may…

…likely that the coming guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) will be in line with the European guidelines…

…and unstable angina will be discussed in detail. The clinical definitions and recommendations presented in this chapter are in line with recent guidelines (2020) issued…

…likely that the coming guidelines by the American Heart Association (AHA) and American College of Cardiology (ACC) will be in line with the European guidelines…

…clinical picture are sufficient for a treatment decision. Systemic thrombolysis is the first line treatment in high risk embolism, unless there is an absolute contraindication…

…crisis [1,2]. A hypertensive emergency means a markedly raised blood pressure together with ongoing or new organ damage in which immediate, controlled blood pressure…

…a minute or so. 5. Advance the needle in the midline with a slight cranial angulation , about 15 degrees towards the umbilicus. Use the intr

…oliguria a rising lactate or metabolic acidosis repeated fresh haematemesis haematochezia in combination with circulatory compromise a rapidly falling haemoglobin after fluid treatment has been…

…excluding non ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE ACS) in patients with a low to intermediate likelihood of CAD when cardiac troponin and/or…

…or electrical instability. Posterior infarction may occur in patients with a clinically unstable acute coronary syndrome, but the examination does not reliably establish or exclude…

…discussing each component in detail, a brief overview of the waves and intervals is given. Figure 1. The classical ECG curve with its most common…

…into the mediastinum. The anterior superior iliac spine is a second line alternative in marked obesity or when the supine position is necessary. After previous…

…Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with severe symptoms, provided that first line therapies have failed and the patient does not have structural heart disease or…

…temperature management early — within the first hour after ROSC, in parallel with coronary angiography, the search for the cause and the rest of the intensive…

…preferred first line pharmacological therapy for patients at increased ASCVD risk. Ezetimibe is appropriate when the LDL C goal is not achieved with statin therapy…

…T wave. The U wave is most often seen in leads V2, V3 and V4. Individuals with prominent T waves display U waves more often

…ultrasound is constant in the body. The investigator specifies where the measurement should be performed by moving the sample volume (SV) along the Doppler line…

…the pressure in the aorta, the greater the load on individual muscle fibers. Also, the load on individual fibers is positively correlated with left ventricular…

…seconds. Upper reference limit is 0,20 seconds in young adults. A prolonged PR interval ( 0.22 s) is consistent with first degree AV block…

CPR Basic life support (BLS) can be provided by anyone, including laypeople. As shown in Table 1, BLS is an exceptionally effective treatment, with a…

…be trained in basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BLS, basic life support). Training should be organized by certified instructors who design their courses in accordance with official…

…starting with glucagon like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP 1 RAs) and evolving into multi receptor agonists, has unleashed a new paradigm in cardiometabolic medicine…

…functional capacity, and quality of life may be equally important therapeutic objectives. Evidence from randomized trials is often less applicable to very frail or multimorbid…

…may provoke life threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Patients with previous acute coronary syndromes (ACS) Exercise stress testing is routinely performed after acute myocardial infarction in order…

…with progressive increases in systolic blood pressure (SBP), while diastolic blood pressure (DBP) rises less steeply and may remain stable or decline later in life…