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In-Stent Restenosis: Mechanisms and Treatment

…previously implanted coronary stent. It represents a form of arterial hyperplastic disease arising after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). In contemporary practice, ISR remains the most…

Delirium in older adults: quick reference

…affected, and the incidence is particularly high after hip fracture, major surgery and intensive care [1,2]. The condition is associated with falls, aspiration, pressure…

Drugs in the emergency setting

…In asystole and PEA as soon as access is available; in VF/VT only after the 3rd defibrillation 0.01 mg/kg (0.1 mL…

Opioids in acute pain: quick reference for dosing and conversion

…the preparation Avoid in renal failure, heart failure, a history of peptic ulcer, and old age Titrate according to the effect and the respiratory rate…

Aspirin in Primary Prevention: Current Recommendations

…risk is especially relevant in older adults. Factors associated with increased gastrointestinal bleeding include: Older age, with risk increasing particularly after 70 years Male sex…

Incretins in Cardiometabolic Medicine: Leveraging GLP-1, GIP, and Glucagon Receptor Agonism for Cardiovascular Risk Reduction

…agonists (GLP 1 RAs) and evolving into multi receptor agonists, has unleashed a new paradigm in cardiometabolic medicine. These therapies are revolutionizing public health strategies…

Artifacts in ultrasound imaging

Echocardiography Ultrasound artifacts The following artifacts are common in ultrasound imaging: The ultrasound image displays non existing structures. The ultrasound image does not display existing…

Assessment of the pupillary reflex in cardiac arrest

…often check pupil size and reactivity as part of initial and ongoing evaluations of patients in cardiac arrest or after return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC)…

ECG in left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH): criteria and implications

…Romhilt Este's score system Points Any of the following: R or S in any limb lead ≥20 mm S V1 or S V2 ≥30…

ECG in myocardial ischemia: ischemic changes in the ST segment & T-wave

…infarction (STEMI) and non ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (Non STEMI, NSTEMI) in detail. Although myocardial ischemia may affect every aspect of the ECG – from…

Courses
Basic Cardiac Anatomy & Physiology

In this course you will learn about cardiac physiology, anatomy and the principles of electrocardiography.

The Normal ECG: From Normality to Pathology

In the second part of the course you will learn all about the normal ECG, normal variants and diagnosis of pathological findings. A total of…

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