…Preparation and equipment Material Comment : : Stockinette Innermost against the skin, protects against the edges of the cast Padding The wadding that protects the skin and…

…hip fracture, major surgery and intensive care [1,2]. The condition is associated with falls, aspiration, pressure sores, loss of function, longer length of stay…

…is applied to the lower third of the nose, the soft part , and held continuously for at least 10 minutes without letting go to look…

…as an open fracture. The anatomy of the nail apparatus The terminology is hard to follow without a picture, and several of the steps below…

…to return of bowel function without reducing the risk of complications. Contraindications Type Condition : : Absolute Suspected base of skull fracture or a marked midfacial fracture …

…Contraindications Ongoing respiratory depression, or untreated severe respiratory failure without the possibility of monitoring. Paralytic ileus and suspected obstructive ileus (an opioid can be given…

…swelling. A vein suspected of thrombosis or previously thrombophlebitic. Intraosseous access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured…

…becomes and the greater the risk of chondral and neurovascular injury. Aim for reduction within a few hours. Contraindications A fracture dislocation requiring operative treatment …

…impairment or a large residual volume. A need for accurate measurement of urine output in a critically ill patient. Perioperatively and postoperatively in longer procedures…

…dislodgement, lead fracture or inadequate myocardial contact. It may also be due to the low amplitude (voltage) of the potentials generated by activated myocardium. Functional…

…body reaching the stroma or deeper. The absence of a slit lamp — the cornea should not be instrumented without magnification. With a suspected chemical injury…

…requirement. Obstetric haemorrhage of around 1,500 mL or more with continuing bleeding, or a smaller measured blood loss if there is physiological compromise. Do…

…surgery of the nose, pharynx or oesophagus. Marked nausea, anxiety or communication difficulties that prevent the patient from cooperating. Suspected base of skull fracture or…

…Stent fracture or collapse Residual edge dissection Incomplete lesion preparation Persistent stenosis within the treated segment Mechanical factors are particularly important because correction of the…

…associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation, aggregation, and fibrin formation. Within a stented segment, thrombus may also develop because of disturbed flow…

…be established. Nasopharyngeal airways may cause complications in patients with skull fractures (risk of intracranial malposition of the tube) or coagulopathy (risk of bleeding). An…