Procedurer A cast should hold the fracture still and do nothing else. The two ways in which casting harms the patient are that it is…

…wards a substantial proportion of older patients are affected, and the incidence is particularly high after hip fracture, major surgery and intensive care [1,2…

…septum already cauterised — bilateral cautery carries a risk of perforation Anterior packing: Suspected base of skull fracture or a significant midfacial or nasal fracture (absolute)…

…with mild inflammation Splinting with a cotton wisp Ingrown nail with moderate inflammation Splinting with a strip of suture material or a drain Ingrown nail…

…stricture or a known diverticulum Relative Recent nasal or pharyngeal surgery Signs that should raise the suspicion of a base of skull fracture: periorbital bruising…

…is made without reduction for incomplete cross tolerance. Indications Acute severe nociceptive pain where paracetamol and a COX inhibitor are not enough: fracture, renal colic…

…Intraosseous access (absolute, for the bone in question): A fracture of the bone to be punctured, or a major injury proximal to the puncture site…

…in a first time dislocation , so as not to reduce a fracture dislocation or to miss a posterior dislocation. The exceptions are an obvious recurrent…

…a high riding or impalpable prostate, a pelvic fracture, a straddle injury Relative Recent urethral or prostatic surgery — contact a urologist before attempting Relative A…

…etc. Most cases of malfunction are associated with the electronics in the pulse generator or dislodgement or fracture of the leads. External causes are less…

…up. 3. Ocular movements in all directions; pain on upward gaze may suggest an orbital floor fracture. 4. Topical anaesthesia into the lower fornix. 5…

…A positive FAST scan in an unstable trauma patient. An unstable pelvic fracture with circulatory compromise. A ruptured aortic aneurysm or another major vascular bleed…

…difficulties that prevent the patient from cooperating. Suspected base of skull fracture or marked coagulopathy argues against the nasal route; the oral route may then…

…Important mechanisms include: Stent under expansion Stent malapposition Stent fracture or collapse Residual edge dissection Incomplete lesion preparation Persistent stenosis within the treated segment Mechanical…

…platelet rich because they form under high shear conditions. Disruption of an atherosclerotic plaque or injury associated with PCI exposes thrombogenic material, promoting platelet activation…

…be established. Nasopharyngeal airways may cause complications in patients with skull fractures (risk of intracranial malposition of the tube) or coagulopathy (risk of bleeding). An…