…to keep the dressing clean with a tracheostomy or copious secretions Subclavian vein Most comfortable for the patient, the most stable dressing, lowest risk of…

…level of consciousness not attributable to hypercapnia, marked swallowing difficulty, vomiting. Haemodynamic instability or a life threatening arrhythmia. Undrained pneumothorax. Facial trauma, facial burns or…

…or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap — intraosseous flow requires pressure ; gravity is not enough. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL to anaesthetise the…

…to local practice Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of…

…episodes of myocardial ischemia result in cardiac arrest. In order for an infarction or ischemic episode to result in ventricular arrhythmia, it must coincide with…

…that it extends a few centimetres beyond the planned ends of the cast. 3. Pad evenly , 2–3 layers with about 50 per cent overlap…

…pain of transcutaneous pacing. It is a bridge to a permanent pacemaker or to resolution of the underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature…

…Choice of vessel The radial artery is the first choice : superficial, easy to compress, with a dual collateral supply to the hand through the palmar…

…ear canal. A 30–60 mL syringe with a soft catheter and body temperature water for irrigation. Small children need help to keep still. Sedation…

…Stretch the skin perpendicular to the skin tension lines with the thumb and index finger — the biopsy defect then becomes oval when the skin is…