…facial burns or recent facial surgery that make a seal impossible. Recent surgery on the oesophagus or upper gastrointestinal tract, ileus and ongoing upper gastrointestinal…

…gives faster setting and more heat production — a risk of burns Document the distal neurovascular status before casting : sensation, motor function, pulses and capillary refill…

…and the drainage is stopped for coughing, chest pain, or when the volume limit is reached. Indications Diagnostic aspiration: a new pleural effusion of unclear…

…or to resolution of the underlying cause. Contraindications Hypothermia with a body temperature below about 30 °C — the hypothermic myocardium is irritable and pacing can…

…Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein and cannula size…

…cap, mask, sterile gown, sterile gloves and a large full body drape. Lidocaine 10 mg/mL for local anaesthesia, normal saline to flush all lumens…

…The discrepancy between traditional figures and recent studies is due to the dramatic decrease in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes over the past decades…

…hydroxide ions are generated at the negative pole of the battery and produce a liquefactive necrosis that can reach the septal cartilage within a few…

…a melanoma can make the Breslow thickness unmeasurable and staging therefore impossible; a superficial punch in a case of bullous dermatosis misses the subepidermal split…

…Practice differs between regions and departments; a palpable ulnar pulse and a warm, well perfused hand carry more weight. Choice of vessel The radial artery…