…facial burns or recent facial surgery that make a seal impossible. Recent surgery on the oesophagus or upper gastrointestinal tract, ileus and ongoing upper gastrointestinal…

…burns Document the distal neurovascular status before casting : sensation, motor function, pulses and capillary refill. Check the skin, and remove rings and jewellery distal to…

…contraindications — the procedure is life saving and necessary respectively. Otherwise: Type Contraindication : : Absolute No safe pocket of fluid to puncture (no ultrasound verified fluid) Relative…

…Equipment A defibrillator with a pacing function and self adhesive multifunction pads. A separate three lead ECG cable connected to the patient — the device senses…

…Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein and cannula size…

…and maintaining maximal barrier precautions without shortcuts. The most common serious error is dilating a vessel that turns out to be an artery — everything in…

…The discrepancy between traditional figures and recent studies is due to the dramatic decrease in the incidence of acute coronary syndromes over the past decades…

…the chair to your eye level. A head lamp or another directable light source, an operating otoscope, a magnifying loupe. A nasal speculum and otoscope…

…the burnt out centre. 2. Clean the skin and infiltrate the anaesthetic intradermally and subcutaneously until a weal forms. 3. Stretch the skin perpendicular to…

…management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb: marked peripheral arterial disease…