…in the emergency department with simple equipment. Two principles determine the outcome: the first attempt is the best attempt , and a button battery is an…

Procedurer What determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of…

…Mark the biopsy site. In an inflammatory dermatosis: the active edge , not the burnt out centre. 2. Clean the skin and infiltrate the anaesthetic intradermally…

…conditions ( Jerkeman et al ). It is often difficult to determine the cause of an out of hospital cardiac arrest. Autopsies are recommended when the underlying…

…attempt in the same bone within the past 24 hours — the fluid leaks out through the old hole. Infection or burns over the puncture site…

…Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax; ultrasound guidance…

…saw, protective sheeting Hot water gives faster setting and more heat production — a risk of burns Document the distal neurovascular status before casting : sensation, motor…

…as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand. Vascular disease in the limb…

…Undrained pneumothorax. Facial trauma, facial burns or recent facial surgery that make a seal impossible. Recent surgery on the oesophagus or upper gastrointestinal tract, ileus…

…defects ( Baumgartner et al ). Approximately 40,000 children are born with CHD annually in the United States ( Triedman et al ). The prevalence of congenital heart…