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Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…from the Swedish Cardiac Arrest Registry, which has recorded causes of cardiac arrest with a separate category for cardiac etiologies. Cause Definition Medical cause Includes…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…and half of them have moderate or complicated defects; the remaining third have mild defects ( Baumgartner et al ). Approximately 40,000 children are born with…

Arterial line

…improves the chance of success by counteracting vascular spasm. Pressure monitoring set: stiff, short tubing, a transducer, and a flush system with physiological saline in…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…nasal speculum and otoscope specula in several sizes. Alligator forceps, bayonet forceps, an angled hook, a cerumen loop. Suction with Frazier tips of various sizes…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…within a couple of hours should be intubated, not given another hour. Indications CPAP: Acute cardiogenic pulmonary oedema with hypoxaemia and marked work of breathing …

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus. A pressure bag or a 50 mL syringe with a three way tap…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…with the arm abducted and the hand behind the head. All drains are inserted within the safe triangle (Figure 1). Outside it the risk of…

Casting and immobilisation

…centimetres beyond the planned ends of the cast. 3. Pad evenly , 2–3 layers with about 50 per cent overlap, and add extra padding over…

Central venous catheter

…set with a triple lumen catheter, usually 7 Fr. Catheter length: the right internal jugular vein requires the shortest catheter, while left sided and femoral…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…pressure measured, or be palpated. Indications A sensation of something in the eye, watering, photophobia and redness after working with a grinder, a drill, a…

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