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Transcutaneous and transvenous pacing

…myocardial ischaemia or syncope — that has not responded to atropine: Complete heart block (third degree AV block) and second degree AV block Mobitz type 2…

Arterial line

…anaesthetic also improves the chance of success by counteracting vascular spasm. Pressure monitoring set: stiff, short tubing, a transducer, and a flush system with physiological…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…and half of them have moderate or complicated defects; the remaining third have mild defects ( Baumgartner et al ). Approximately 40,000 children are born with…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…hydroxide ions are generated at the negative pole of the battery and produce a liquefactive necrosis that can reach the septal cartilage within a few…

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…These factors interact and vary over time. Some factors vary from second to second (e.g. degree of ischemia, parasympathetic and sympathetic tone) while others…

Central venous catheter

…dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation. Repeated blood sampling during intensive care. Exhausted…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…arm abducted and the hand behind the head. All drains are inserted within the safe triangle (Figure 1). Outside it the risk of injuring the…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…in three lengths: short for children and slim limbs, medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

… nasal masks and total face masks are alternatives in intolerance. A hydrocolloid dressing for the bridge of the nose applied before the mask goes on…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…the face, 4 0 for the trunk and limbs. Haemostasis: aluminium chloride solution 20–35 %, ferric subsulfate, electrocoagulation. A pot of 4 % formalin, and for…

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