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Arterial line

…aortic balloon pump. Assessment of stroke volume variation as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…urgency varies: Object Urgency : : Button battery Immediately — leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis…

Central venous catheter

…different position or a different vessel. Choice of site Vessel Advantages Disadvantages : : : Internal jugular vein (right) Best ultrasound conditions, a straight course to the superior…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…is first choice in the acute setting ; nasal masks and total face masks are alternatives in intolerance. A hydrocolloid dressing for the bridge of the…

Congenital heart disease & GUCH (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease)

…and half of them have moderate or complicated defects; the remaining third have mild defects ( Baumgartner et al ). Approximately 40,000 children are born with…

Eye examination and corneal foreign body

…The absence of a slit lamp — the cornea should not be instrumented without magnification. With a suspected chemical injury the priorities are reversed: irrigate first …

Causes of sudden cardiac arrest

…to second (e.g. degree of ischemia, parasympathetic and sympathetic tone) while others take months or years to develop (e.g. myocardial remodeling in heart…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…Relative Skin infection, herpes zoster or burns over the puncture site Relative Mechanical ventilation with a high PEEP (an increased risk of pneumothorax; ultrasound guidance…

Peripheral venous cannula and intraosseous access

…Infection or burns over the puncture site. Osteogenesis imperfecta and severe osteoporosis (relative). An inability to identify the landmarks. Choice of vein and cannula size…

Skin biopsy — punch, shave and excision

…the face, 4 0 for the trunk and limbs. Haemostasis: aluminium chloride solution 20–35 %, ferric subsulfate, electrocoagulation. A pot of 4 % formalin, and for…

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