…myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow metastasis. Assessment of treatment response and measurement of residual disease (MRD). Fever…

…compression. The reason compression nevertheless so often fails is that it is done wrongly: the patient pinches the nasal bone instead of the soft part…

…steatohepatitis or viral hepatitis. An isolated raised ALP — check the GGT. A normal GGT shifts the suspicion to bone, pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised…

…number of cannulae that matters but the flow per unit time . A large bore, short cannula in a large vein gives many times the flow…

…does not distinguish between fat, muscle, and bone mass. It does not indicate the types or distribution of body fat. It may not be accurate…

…ECG, selective vascular imaging Traumatic or toxic syndrome Onset after trauma, a change in medication or an exposure Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity…

…haematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive drugs, radiotherapy, bone marrow failure and certain targeted cancer treatments. Fever is not obligatory Hypothermia, new confusion, tachypnoea, hypotension…

…at multiple angles. Tissue attenuation is expressed relative to water in Hounsfield units. Bone is highly attenuating, air has very low attenuation, and blood and…

…comes after the injury, not before — and that an edge or a fold presses on a bony prominence until the skin breaks down. An acute…

…incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure…

…incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of…

…local practice, oxygen if hypoxaemic, two large bore peripheral cannulae 0 to 10 min A blood gas with lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and…

…the work of breathing, the peripheral perfusion and the signs of shock 2 Two large bore peripheral cannulae. Consider an arterial line if the patient…

…prevention of cardiac arrest. Unfortunately, these efforts have not borne fruit. Our current ability to predict cardiac arrest remains poor at best. A key explanation…

…age) while awaiting the result. Equipment A large bore peripheral cannula — at least 1.3 mm (green) for rapid transfusion, preferably two lines in a…

…and equipment for confirming the position. For gastric lavage: a wide bore orogastric tube (Ch 28–32 in an adult), a funnel or a lavage…

…Preparation and equipment A tube of a suitable size. A wide bore tube (Ch 14–18) of polyvinyl chloride for decompression and evacuation; a fine…

…volume matters more than the fluid; irrigate under pressure through a 20 mL syringe and a large bore needle. Chlorhexidine in alcohol to the skin…