…A large bore, short cannula in a large vein gives many times the flow of a fine needle, and collapsed veins mean that the fine…

…or after suturing over a joint. Pain relief and stabilisation for transfer in a suspected fracture. Clinical suspicion of a scaphoid fracture despite a normal…

…the full thickness of the dermis, particularly over joints and in cosmetically sensitive areas. Superficial wounds with well apposed edges, abrasions and small wounds under…

…Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow metastasis. Assessment of treatment response and measurement of residual disease (MRD). Fever of unknown…

…fat, muscle, and bone mass. It does not indicate the types or distribution of body fat. It may not be accurate for all populations, particularly…

…the nasal bone instead of the soft part, and lets go after two minutes. Management is a ladder — compression, cautery, anterior packing — and each step…

…Bone is highly attenuating, air has very low attenuation, and blood and myocardium have intermediate values. Iodinated contrast increases the attenuation of the blood pool…

…Concussion, temporal bone injury, dissection, aminoglycoside toxicity, antiepileptic drugs, alcohol or sedatives Trauma and medication directed workup This corresponds to the principles of TiTrATE, in…

…to bone, pregnancy or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is…

…haematological malignancy, stem cell transplantation, immunosuppressive drugs, radiotherapy, bone marrow failure and certain targeted cancer treatments. Fever is not obligatory Hypothermia, new confusion, tachypnoea, hypotension…

…two large bore peripheral cannulae 0 to 10 min A blood gas with lactate, two sets of blood cultures, and a culture from the likely…

…products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access, or rapid central access, but do not delay transfusion or control of the…

…The decision must be documented and alternatives (iron, tranexamic acid, cell salvage, haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact…

…wide bore tubing. Working suction, oxygen and complete equipment for intubation and ventilation must be to hand before the lavage begins. The head of the…

…of the condition. This has prompted researchers to develop strategies and tools for long term prevention of cardiac arrest. Unfortunately, these efforts have not borne…

…other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure and central venous oxygen saturation…

…commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but the differential diagnosis includes oesophagitis, gastritis, a Mallory Weiss tear, a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an aortoenteric…

…A wide bore tube (Ch 14–18) of polyvinyl chloride for decompression and evacuation; a fine, soft tube (Ch 8–12) of polyurethane or silicone…