…of ECGs in pediatric patients is slightly different from adults, due to obvious anatomical differences. There are, however, no differences regarding the ECG grid. As…

ECG Pediatric ECG interpretation Principles of pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation Pediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation follows the same principles as ECG interpretation in adults, but…

ECG Principles of pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation Pediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation follow the same principles as ECG interpretation in adults, but there are important…

…stabilise first The induction of vomiting has no place in the modern treatment of poisoning. Charcoal also does not bind every poison. With the following…

…Assessment of stroke volume variation as part of fluid management. Contraindications Infection, burn or trauma over the insertion site. Insufficient collateral circulation to the hand…

…substantially worse survival than cases occurring in public places, where there are people who can provide CPR, alert the ambulance and use a public defibrillator…

…The operator should have an elbow rest, and also avoid bending the back during the examination. Work related musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of…

…that the deltoid injection is placed too high — which causes the shoulder injury known as SIRVA. Both are avoided with the right landmark and the…

…leakage of fluid causes a chemical burn Two or more magnets (including in different nostrils) Immediately — pressure necrosis across the septum A live insect As…

…The interpretation is made in the same systematic way as in adults, but against the age specific reference values below. Method of interpretation Heart rate…

ECG Definition of normal and pathological pediatric and neonatal ECG The neonatal and pediatric electrocardiogram (ECG) is interpreted using the same principles as in ECG…

…otherwise stated. When the weight of a child aged 1–10 years is unknown: estimate it as (age in years + 4) × 2 kg , but use…

…management of all poisonings ABCDE Step Assessment and action : : A Assess the airway, the pharyngeal reflexes, vomiting and secretions. Suction and give oxygen as needed…

…removed the previous minimum requirement of 6 seconds in adults and 3 seconds in children, but many laboratories and spirometers still use it as a…

…Approximately 90% of anaphylactic cardiac arrests present with pulseless electrical activity (PEA) as the initial rhythm, while the remainder manifest ventricular fibrillation (VF) or asystole…

…of cardiomyopathy, referred to as tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy , can be caused by any tachyarrhythmia leading to prolonged periods of rapid ventricular rate (Table 1). Children…

…in choosing the level of care. The clinical state, the circulation, comorbidity and the precipitating cause carry at least as much weight as the laboratory…

…JT, et al. Intraventricular conduction delay in a standard 12 lead electrocardiogram as a predictor of mortality in the general population. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 2011…

…of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia (PSVT) The arrhythmias AVNRT, AVRT (Pre excitation, Wolff Parkinson White syndrome) and ectopic atrial tachycardia have traditionally been referred to as…

…of the drug's pharmacological effects are produced during its first passage through the circulation. Due to this rapid clearance, adenosine must be administered as…

…single temperature of 38.3 degrees as the threshold [4,5]. Some Swedish and local care programmes use 38.5 degrees instead. Follow the local…

…PCI treated with prasugrel and ASA exhibited a higher risk of major and minor bleeding, as classified by the TIMI system (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction)…

…In the majority of cases, the arrhythmia is self limiting; however, it may recur and, in some instances, persist for extended durations. As for any…

…or unit of cholesterol than LDL cholesterol. Clinical implications High Lp(a) is independently associated with first and recurrent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events. The strongest…

…pediatric patients, and young adults with congenital heart disease. Initiation Strategies Because of its ability to significantly prolong the QT interval and cause torsades de…

…a risk of transmission (an individual assessment; certain tumour types are not a bar). Untreated generalised infection, or certain transmissible agents according to the current…

…eliminate it. Angiographic restenosis—defined in the source material as follow up diameter stenosis greater than 50%—occurred in 20–30% of patients, while clinically…

…ISR remains the most frequent cause of PCI failure, despite its substantially lower incidence with drug eluting stents (DES) than with bare metal stents (BMS…

…Table 2. Reference values for the most important parameters (Rijnbeek et al) Numbers are medians with 2 nd and 98 th percentile in parenthesis. These…

…Table 2. Reference values for the most important parameters (Rijnbeek et al) Numbers are medians with 2 nd and 98 th percentile in parenthesis. These…

…in three lengths: short for children and slim limbs, medium for most adults, long for thick soft tissue and for the head of the humerus…

…help determine expected normal values based on body surface area (BSA), aiding in the diagnosis of aortic root dilation. Key Formulas BSA Calculation (Mosteller formula): [ …

DICTrank: The Largest Reference List of 1318 Human Drugs Ranked by Risk of Drug Induced Cardiotoxicity Using FDA Labeling . Drug Discovery Today. 2023. DICT =…

…The vast majority of cases can be characterized by echocardiography. In comparison with adult subjects, the echocardiographic evaluation in pediatric patients requires a different approach…

…removed when it causes symptoms or obscures the tympanic membrane — not routinely . The wax has a protective function, and the commonest complication of ear syringing…

…The half life of adenosine is 8 seconds. Adverse effects are therefore very brief. Indications Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT), which includes forms that are caused…

…nucleus that often exhibits cavities, which consist of hemorrhages in the tumor. Polypoid myxoma usually causes haemodynamic complications due to obstruction. Papillary myxomas are small…

…Manuel J.; Barón Esquivias, Gonzalo; Baumgartner, Helmut et al. (2012): Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease (version 2012). In European heart journal 33…