…For patients with bundle branch blocks, the corresponding figure is 500 ms. The QT interval represents the time between the onset of ventricular depolarization and…

…Prasugrel can be taken with or without food. Administering a 60 mg loading dose on an empty stomach may provide the fastest onset of effect…

…it further. Starting doses in acute pain in an opioid naive adult Agent Route Starting dose Comment : : : : Morphine IV 2.5–5 mg, repeated after…

Procedurer The doses below apply to adults unless otherwise stated, and paediatric doses are given per kilogram with the stated maximum. Always check against the…

CPR Tamponade and cardiac arrest Cardiac arrest associated with tamponade has an exceptionally poor prognosis. In the vast majority of these cases, the tamponade develops…

…in parallel with the investigation. 8. Document the diagnosis and communicate it at every handover. Recognise it Core criteria Core criterion Meaning : : Acute onset The…

Info [calc_vernakalant] Indications for vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is indicated in adults for chemical conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is…

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Definition and aims of treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least 5…

…seconds. Upper reference limit is 0,20 seconds in young adults. A prolonged PR interval ( 0.22 s) is consistent with first degree AV block…

…Acute onset of skin or mucosal symptoms , for example generalised urticaria, itching, flushing or angio oedema, together with at least one of the following: airway…

…European recommendations advise screening adults with confirmed hypertension by measuring renin and aldosterone, although the strongest indications arise in patients with resistant or severe hypertension…

…patients with STEMI, with the greatest benefit when administered early. The largest absolute benefit is observed in patients at highest baseline risk, including older adults…

…non chest pain manifestations are reported more frequently in females, older adults and people with diabetes. Ischaemic heart disease may also present without prominent discomfort…

…More dramatic onset of symptoms can be seen in arrhythmogenic tumors of the myocardium; in these cases, the tumor can debut with ventricular arrhythmias that…

…of the cardiac action potential. It stretches from the J point to the onset of the T wave ( Figure 1 A ). The plateau phase has…

…must never delay it. Indications Suspected meningitis or encephalitis. Suspected subarachnoid haemorrhage with a normal or non diagnostic CT. Suspected neuroborreliosis, neurosyphilis or another CNS…

…many patients report less characteristic symptoms, while others present primarily with exertional dyspnoea. Symptoms should be characterized systematically, including: Onset and duration. Location and radiation…

…Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥0,12 s) : ventricular tachycardia is the most common cause and it is potentially life…

…adult Abnormal relaxation (grade 1 dysfunction) Pseudonormal (grade 2 dysfunction) Reversible restrictive filling (grade 3 dysfunction) Irreversible restrictive filling (grade 4 dysfunction) E/A ratio…

…are taken from the recommendations of Strama Stockholm for the empirical antibiotic treatment of adults in hospital and in residential care homes (SÄBO) 2025/2026…

…s ECG changes continuously with age: the heart rate, the electrical axis and the waveform in the newborn differ markedly from adult reference values and…

…in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a prior…

…time due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its routine use in adult patients is generally discouraged…

…outside the hospital, prompt communication with an obstetrician and neonatologist is critical. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should generally adhere to the standard adult guidelines, encompassing chest…

…or a haemoglobin below the applicable transfusion threshold (see below). Ongoing bleeding with haemodynamic compromise, whatever the current haemoglobin — haemoglobin falls late in acute haemorrhage…

…In developed nations, the prevalence of HF is approximately 1–2% in the general adult population, but this figure rises steeply with age, exceeding 10…

…morphology, normal findings, normal variants, etc – from adult electrocardiograms. It is crucial to be familiar with normal findings, normal variants, and pathology in neonates, infants…

…the electrical signals generated in the myocardium. The same ECG grid is used in children and adult patients. Recommendations for ECG recording in children Pediatric…

…the heart. Therefore, most images in adult TTE are obtained with the patient positioned in the left lateral decubitus position. In this position, the heart…

…at the end of expiration, with the tape horizontal and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist…

…adult; a smaller size in children. A set with an integrated guidewire (Seldinger technique) helps when the vessel is difficult to puncture. Sterile preparation with…

…the emergency situation. Consider alternatives when: Intubation is not consistent with the treatment plan — check any decision to limit treatment when time allows. There is…

…system, lukewarm fluid (tap water for adults, isotonic saline for children), a collecting vessel, a bite block, and powerful suction with wide bore tubing. Working…

…L) — choose the subcutaneous route if possible, otherwise give IM with a fine needle and 5 minutes of compression. Anticoagulant treatment is not in itself…

…one, a cuff manometer. A videolaryngoscope with both a Macintosh like and a hyperangulated blade, and a stylet shaped to match the hyperangulated blade. A…

…leader and one person responsible for recording the transfusions, the sampling, the incoming products and contact with the blood bank. 3. Secure large bore access…

…Choice Reason : : : An opioid naive adult with normal renal function Morphine The reference drug, with the greatest experience eGFR 30–60 Morphine at half the…

…For an adult this corresponds to the order of 100–200 mL of the 50 mg/mL solution. 6. Continue with a continuous infusion of…

…particularly in older adults. Consequently, an adult with bridging and a substantial proximal atherosclerotic burden should be considered and treated in the same broad category…

…remain integrated with the overall risk profile. Measurement Who should be tested? Current recommendations support measuring Lp(a) at least once in every adult’s…

…in the evaluation of pulmonary vascular and right heart pathology. In adults with clinical suspicion of pulmonary hypertension (PH), such as unexplained dyspnea on exertion…

…transmission through the atrioventricular (AV) node, thereby interfering with the pathway that enables reentry tachyarrhythmias (AVNRT and AVRT). These arrhythmias rely on AV node transmission…

…Palpitations, syncope or cardiac arrest–particularly during physical activity–in a young adult with T wave inversions in V1–V4, or other ECG changes (see…

…al. and Safar et al. The majority of all asphytic cardiac arrests begin with PEA and progress to asystole. Shockable rhythms (ventricular fibrillation [VF], ventricular…

…where asymmetric lung sounds are noted, specifically with an absence of sounds on the affected side. Ultrasonography can reveal pneumothorax (highlighted by a lack of…

…and can guide resuscitative efforts. If the patient presents with hypotension or has a lactate level exceeding 4 mmol/l, commence an intravenous fluid resuscitation…

…et al. Epidemiology and outcome of adult out of hospital cardiac arrest of non cardiac origin in Osaka: a population based study. BMJ Open 2014…

…and medical therapies. Adults with congenital heart disease are mostly managed in GUCH clinics (Grown Up Congenital Heart disease). Prevalence of congenital heart disease (CHD…

…Ezzati et al, Lim et al ). Approximately 90–95% of individuals with hypertension have essential hypertension , also referred to as primary hypertension . Essential hypertension is…

…For example, Bazett's formula is only suitable in adults with a heart rate between 60 and 90 beats per minute. Bazett's formula over…

…delaying treatment. 10. Call anaesthetics and intensive care early with life threatening features or an inadequate response. First line treatment is oxygen in hypoxaemia, repeated…

…in the AV node is high grade. Causes of tachyarrhythmia with narrow QRS complexes (QRS duration < 0.12 s): sinus tachycardia, inappropriate sinus tachycardia…

…blood pressure treatment similar to that used in younger adults, provided it is tolerated. Patients with functional loss but preserved independence require a more detailed…

…The normal values below apply to adults in sinus rhythm, recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10 mm…

CPR Poisoning and drug toxicity In adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of…

…pulmonic) regurgitation Pulmonary regurgitation is also called pulmonic regurgitation . The majority of all adults exhibit a small pulmonary regurgitation, which is considered a normal finding…

Infektionssjukdomar Akutsjukvård Lathundar Purpose and scope A quick reference for the doctor on call faced with suspected sepsis in adults: rapid recognition, microbiological sampling, empirical…

…factor in older adults. It contributes to vascular injury, accelerates atherosclerosis, increases myocardial oxygen demand, and may worsen ischemia in patients with obstructive coronary disease…

ECG Pediatric ECG interpretation Principles of pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation Pediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation follows the same principles as ECG interpretation in adults, but…

ECG Principles of pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation Pediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation follow the same principles as ECG interpretation in adults, but there are important…