…WPW). Note that narrow complex tachyarrhythmia rarely causes circulatory compromise or collapse. Causes of tachycardia (tachyarrhythmia) with wide QRS complexes (QRS duration ≥0,12 s…

…adult Abnormal relaxation (grade 1 dysfunction) Pseudonormal (grade 2 dysfunction) Reversible restrictive filling (grade 3 dysfunction) Irreversible restrictive filling (grade 4 dysfunction) E/A ratio…

…the Framingham Heart Study, this linear correction formula adjusts the QT interval based on heart rate without involving square or cube roots. It has been…

…bleeding or intracranial hemorrhage. History of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Severely impaired liver function classified as Child Pugh Class C. Dosage Adults Initial…

…are taken from the recommendations of Strama Stockholm for the empirical antibiotic treatment of adults in hospital and in residential care homes (SÄBO) 2025/2026…

…in old age or in renal failure, reduce it further. Starting doses in acute pain in an opioid naive adult Agent Route Starting dose Comment…

…the newborn differ markedly from adult reference values and normalise gradually through childhood. The interpretation is made in the same systematic way as in adults…

…is indicated for the prevention of atherothrombotic events in adult patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or a prior heart attack and a high risk…

…due to the advent of more efficacious agents with wider therapeutic to toxic windows, and its routine use in adult patients is generally discouraged. However…

…and defibrillation energy levels should remain consistent with those used for non pregnant adults. The fetus is not harmed by defibrillation, amiodarone, or adrenaline (epinephrine)…

…or as part of balanced transfusion in massive haemorrhage. Transfusion thresholds in the stable, non bleeding patient Patient category Transfusion threshold (Hb) : : Most stable adult…

Procedurer The doses below apply to adults unless otherwise stated, and paediatric doses are given per kilogram with the stated maximum. Always check against the…

…worldwide. In developed nations, the prevalence of HF is approximately 1–2% in the general adult population, but this figure rises steeply with age, exceeding…

…normal and pathological pediatric and neonatal ECG The neonatal and pediatric electrocardiogram (ECG) is interpreted using the same principles as in ECG interpretation in adults…

…As in adults, the x axis represents time (the paper speed is typically 25 mm/s or 50 mm/s) and the y axis represents…

…less lung tissue covering the heart. Some images in adult TTE are obtained with the patient in the supine position. In order to obtain the…

…3600) m². Normal adult 1.6–2.0 m². Nutritional screening Unintentional weight loss 5 % over three months or 10 % over six months, a BMI…

…be confused with a venous access. Indications Continuous blood pressure monitoring in haemodynamic instability or during ongoing vasoactive treatment. Conditions in which blood pressure must…

…A score of 3 or more indicates a difficult intubation — call for help and get out the videolaryngoscope and plan B before you give the…

…gastric lavage: a wide bore orogastric tube (Ch 28–32 in an adult), a funnel or a lavage system, lukewarm fluid (tap water for adults…

…site : : : : Deltoid, adult 23–25 G, 25 mm 90° 1–2 mL Deltoid, BMI 35 or a large arm 23 G, 38 mm 90° 1…

…you are doing. Indications The laryngeal mask: A rescue airway when intubation has failed and bag mask ventilation is difficult or inadequate. The primary airway…

…pressure. A value of around 0.9 to 1.0 or higher in an adult trauma patient suggests significant hypovolaemia and an increased transfusion requirement…

…opioid naive adult with normal renal function Morphine The reference drug, with the greatest experience eGFR 30–60 Morphine at half the dose, or oxycodone…

… it is part of the treatment itself. Indications Salicylate poisoning with symptoms or a rising serum concentration. Alkalinisation increases renal elimination several fold and at…

…involving the origin, course, distribution, or termination of the coronary arteries. They include anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery (AAOCA), coronary fistulae, and myocardial…

…once in every adult’s lifetime. Testing is particularly relevant in: individuals with premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia or very high LDL…

…in the evaluation of pulmonary vascular and right heart pathology. In adults with clinical suspicion of pulmonary hypertension (PH), such as unexplained dyspnea on exertion…

…tachycardia (NCT). Adenosine typically causes a short lasting second or third degree AV block which may be unpleasant to the patient. This side effect lasts…

…syncope or cardiac arrest–particularly during physical activity–in a young adult with T wave inversions in V1–V4, or other ECG changes (see below…

…resulting in obstruction. Central nervous system (CNS) injuries might cause apnea or hypoventilation. Respiratory conditions : Tension pneumothorax Drowning Airway obstruction Hanging Pneumonia High altitude sickness…

…air is substantial enough to compress the superior and inferior vena cava, impeding or halting venous return to the heart. In instances of tension pneumothorax…

…and can guide resuscitative efforts. If the patient presents with hypotension or has a lactate level exceeding 4 mmol/l, commence an intravenous fluid resuscitation…

…6°C (97.7 99.7°F). It arises when heat production or acquisition surpasses the body's capacity for heat elimination. Hyperthermia can induce an inflammatory…

…In the vast majority of these cases, the tamponade develops acutely or subacutely. It is uncommon for chronic pericardial effusions to cause sudden cardiac arrest…

…European Society for Cardiology, 2800 adults per 1 million individuals have congenital heart defects, and half of them have moderate or complicated defects; the remaining…

…and without diabetes. The threshold for hypertension is currently 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic (140/90 mm Hg). The discordance between…

…during physical exertion). Therefore, to judge whether the QT interval is normal or not, one must adjust for the current heart rate. This is done…

…criterion in a column. Clinical deterioration or a poor response to treatment carries more weight than a single apparently reassuring measurement. Finding Moderate attack Acute…

Akutsjukvård Psykiatri Lathundar Delirium in older adults: quick reference A quick reference for ward and on call physicians: recognise hypoactive delirium, stabilise the patient, work…

…sinus arrest, sick sinus syndrome, second degree or third degree AV block. An escape rhythm may be present in any bradycardia. Bradycardia may be present…

…or impaired autonomic compensation limits tolerability. Evidence Base and Its Limitations Few adults aged 85 years or older have been included in randomized controlled trials…

Referensvärden The normal values below apply to adults in sinus rhythm, recorded at a paper speed of 50 mm/s with 1 mV = 10…

Info [calc_vernakalant] Indications for vernakalant Vernakalant (Brinavess) is indicated in adults for chemical conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm. Vernakalant is…

CPR Poisoning and drug toxicity In adolescents and young adults, intoxication events leading to cardiac arrest are notably prevalent, primarily due to the misuse of…

…treatment Convulsive status epilepticus in adults is present with: an ongoing generalised tonic clonic seizure lasting at least 5 minutes, or repeated generalised tonic clonic…

…pulmonic) regurgitation Pulmonary regurgitation is also called pulmonic regurgitation . The majority of all adults exhibit a small pulmonary regurgitation, which is considered a normal finding…

…sepsis Suspected or confirmed infection together with new organ dysfunction must raise the suspicion of sepsis. The patient need not have fever, leucocytosis or a…

…adults presenting with myocardial infarction, stroke, acute aortic syndromes, or heart failure have preexisting hypertension. The relationship between blood pressure and outcome in older adults…

ECG Pediatric ECG interpretation Principles of pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation Pediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation follows the same principles as ECG interpretation in adults, but…

ECG Principles of pediatric & neonatal ECG interpretation Pediatric and neonatal ECG interpretation follow the same principles as ECG interpretation in adults, but there are important…

…around 46 % that at least one will fall outside. The ranges below are guide values for adults. The method and the laboratory determine the range —…

…This quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises the order in which measures are taken and the principles that are common to all…

…In older adults, approximately 40% are asymptomatic, 50% report atypical leg symptoms and fewer than 10% have classic claudication. Asymptomatic or atypical PAD remains clinically…

…but fundamental part of ECG interpretation. The normal T wave in adults is positive in most precordial and limb leads. The T wave amplitude is…

…has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel et al, Savarese et…

…has remained stable. New data suggest that the incidence of heart failure among young adults has increased in recent years ( Nabel et al, Savarese et…

…periods of rapid ventricular rate (Table 1). Children and healthy adults may also develop tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (Gopinnathair et al). Long term prognosis is excellent…

…adequately filled or fluid overloaded? 3. Is there, or is there approaching, an indication for dialysis? AKI occurs in about one fifth of adults during…

…abandoning the procedure. Choice of site The posterior superior iliac spine is the standard site for both aspiration and biopsy in adults. Here the posterior…