…obesity. Gestational hypertension is defined in the supplied guideline material as blood pressure 140/90 mmHg on two separate occasions after 20 weeks of gestation…

…sparingly Prepatellar and olecranon bursitis The bursa Exclude septic bursitis first Injection is considered when 4–6 weeks of adequate conservative treatment — modification of loading…

…not established. Indications Lesion Freeze time per cycle Number of cycles Margin : : : : Actinic keratosis, thin 5–10 s 1 1–2 mm Actinic keratosis, hypertrophic…

…The lowest recorded body temperatures from which patients have been successfully resuscitated are 11.8°C for accidental hypothermia and 4.2°C for medically induced hypothermia …

…Always follow the local protocol for exact infusion rates, electrolyte concentrations and level of care. This quick reference is intended primarily for adults and summarises…

…men Sinuses of Valsalva, women Sinuses of Valsalva, men <30 11.4 ± 1.1 11.4 ± 1.2 15.5 ± 1.5 15.3 ± 1…

…Method of interpretation Heart rate Heart rhythm The P wave The PR interval The QRS complex The ST segment The T wave The U wave…

…early diastolic early diastolic holodiastolic Quantification of regurgitant jet Mild regurgitation Moderate regurgitation Severe regurgitation Jet width / LVOT width < 0,25 0,25 0…

…for clinical practice. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 22 (1), 1 23; quiz 101…

…100 (55) 7–104 (55) 10–140 (66) 9–115 (61) 11–133 (58) 15 – 110 QRS duration 21–76 22–67 21–68 22…

…for clinical practice. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 22 (1), 1 23; quiz 101…

…Approximately 11% reduction in cardiovascular events in a meta analysis of primary prevention trials involving individuals with an estimated 10 year cardiovascular risk of 10…

…ostia. It remains the reference standard for defining the extent of coronary artery disease because it provides anatomical information while permitting functional assessment and, when…

…or ACLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac arrest BLS 11 Berdowski et al Bystander CPR BLS 15 Hasselqvist et al…

CPR Cardiac arrest is a result of tachyarrhythmia, bradyarrhythmia or asystole. The tachyarrhythmias include ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). The bradyarrhythmias include…

…vast majority of cardiac arrest patients—can induce such pupillary responses. In a comprehensive study by Javaudin et al., involving more than 11,000 cardiac…

…in BLS NNT to save 1 person Reference Early detection of cardiac arrest Yes 11 Berdowski et al Bystander CPR Yes 15 Hasselqvist et al…

…35 mm or R aVL 11 mm Sokolow Lyon's index is the most used index, despite having the lowest sensitivity (20%) of all indexes…

…100 (55) 7–104 (55) 10–140 (66) 9–115 (61) 11–133 (58) 15 – 110 QRS duration 21–76 22–67 21–68 22…

…STEMI Example 10 STEMI Example 11 STEMI Example 12 ECG examples of acute STEMI (ST elevation myocardial infarction). Overview of management Click the diagram to…

…9 . Delivery of shock (red arrow), with subsequent asystole. ECG 10 . Recurrence of supraventricular complexes (red arrows). ECG 11 . Relapse of VF and new shock…

…Cut straight into the cavity with a no. 11 scalpel until pus appears. Take a culture from the wall of the cavity before irrigating. 5…

…of onset, wake up stroke or a late time window: perform advanced imaging according to the local protocol. 11. Document weight, agent, dose, time of…

…What usually ruins the examination is not the technique but the handling of the specimen — an aspirate that clots before the smears are made is…

Procedurer Three of the commonest minor procedures in general practice concern the nails, and all three rest on the same foundation: an effective digital block…

Procedurer Almost all the complications of pleural aspiration arise from two errors: the needle is placed in the wrong site, and too much is drained…

…amjmed.2015.11.027. 4. Olesen JB, Lip GY, Hansen ML, et al. Bleeding risk in ‘real world’ patients with atrial fibrillation: comparison of two…

… } Interpretation of CHADS VASc score and decisions on anticoagulation Men Women Points Recommendation Evidence Recommendation Evidence 0 No treatment Low No treatment High 1 Oral…

…6 High 9.7 7 High 11.2 8 High 10.8 9 High 12.2 Table 1. Interpretation of CHADS VA score References Lip…

…of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 18 (12), pp. 1440–1463. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2005.10.005.008.11…

…11.029. 3. Vahanian, Alec; Alfieri, Ottavio; Andreotti, Felicita; Antunes, Manuel J.; Barón Esquivias, Gonzalo; Baumgartner, Helmut et al. (2012): Guidelines on the management of…

…for clinical practice. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 22 (1), 1 23; quiz 101…

…through changes in DNA acetylation. Lipid lowering efficacy Bempedoic acid is available as a single daily dose of 180 mg. The LDL C response varies…

…shift. For decades, the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity was siloed, with clinicians focusing primarily on hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) reduction, blood…

…to 30 degrees [11]. Additionally, LAD may suggest underlying left heart disease in patients being evaluated for pulmonary hypertension [16]. Causes of Left and Right…

…that a reduction in $I {Na}$ leaves the transient outward potassium current ($I {to}$) unopposed during phase 1 of the action potential [11] …

…cause of PEA during resuscitation improve patients' survival? Resuscitation 2012; 83:81922. Mroczek T, Gladki M, Skalski J. Successful resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 11…

…cause of PEA during resuscitation improve patients’ survival? Resuscitation 2012;83:81922. Mroczek T, Gladki M, Skalski J. Successful resuscitation from accidental hypothermia of 11…

…one" – is used to denote the occluded coronary artery. In the majority of cases, it is only possible to determine the ischemic/infarct area (and…

ECG Left main coronary artery occlusion Left main coronary artery (LMCA) occlusion is a rare but catastrophic manifestation of acute coronary syndromes. The LMCA supplies…

…Although this is a subjective measure, it provides a fairly good estimate of the actual workload. The perceived exertion may be graded from 0 (none…

…and cardiac imaging Cardiovascular imaging modalities have developed rapidly in the past few decades. The repertoire of available methods includes echocardiography, cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)…

…and in some cases substantially narrowed, the role of revascularization itself in stable coronary artery disease, while a distinct evidence base has emerged for coronary…

…9 . Delivery of shock (red arrow), with subsequent asystole. ECG 10 . Recurrence of supraventricular complexes (red arrows). ECG 11 . Relapse of VF and new shock…

…filling (grade 4 dysfunction) E/A ratio 1–2 1–2 <1 1–1.5 (not reversed with Valsalva maneuver) 1.5 1.5–2…

…A convenient, bedside, clinical score for risk assessment at presentation: An intravenous nPA for treatment of infarcting myocardium early II trial substudy. Circulation. 2000 Oct…

…Stage Creatinine Urine output : : : 1 1.5 to 1.9 times baseline, or a rise of at least 26.5 µmol/L Below 0.5…

…line is necessary to achieve an optimal result. Overview of vasopressors and inotropes Vasoconstriction Vasodilatation Positive inotropy Phenylephrine Vasopressin Midodrine Noradrenaline Adrenaline, high dose Dopamine…

…timi_nstemi] TIMI SCORE 30 days mortality 30 days acute MI Probability of revascularization 0 1 1,2% 2,3% 1,2% 2 1,0%…

…and pharmacological basis Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are a class of oral agents initially developed for glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes mellitus …

…asthma) Other : Coma Central hypoventilation syndromes Neuromuscular diseases Anemia The natural course of asphyxia Should ventilation be entirely inhibited (as seen in acute airway obstructions…

…most likely mechanism underlying typical atrial flutter is reentry. In the common form of typical atrial flutter, the reentrant circuit is confined to the right…

…hold No intravenous line No premedication No special preparation Radiation exposure of approximately 1–1.5 mSv with contemporary techniques The total CAC burden should…