Tricuspid valve

Tricuspid valve regurgitation

Primary parameters

 Mild regurgiationModerate regurgitationSevere regurgitation
PISA radius< 0,60,6-0,9> 0,9
Vena contracta (cm)not defined< 0,7> 0,7
Liver vein flowS-dominantReduced S-wavesystolic flow reversal, jet reaching liver veins

Additional quantitative parameters

 Mild regurgiationModerate regurgitationSevere regurgitation
Jet size< 5cm²5-10 cm²> 10 cm²
size vena cava inferior< 2,1 cm and compressiblein between> 2,1 cm, almost not compressible

Additional qualitative parameters

 Mild regurgiationModerate regurgitationSevere regurgitation
Coaptation defectmildmoderatesevere
Size right ventriclenormalnormal or enlargedenlarged
Size right atriumnormalnormal or enlargedenlarged
CW-profile tricuspid regurgitationweakvariabledense
Shape CW-profile tricuspid regurgitationparabolicvariableearly peak, triangular

References

1. Zoghbi, William A.; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A.; Kraft, Carol D.; Levine, Robert A. et al. (2003): Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 16 (7), pp. 777–802. DOI: 10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00335-3.

2. Zoghbi, William A.; Adams, David; Bonow, Robert O.; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A. et al. (2017): Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation. A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 30 (4), pp. 303–371. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.007. –>Pubmed-Link

Tricuspid valve stenosis

Mean pressure gradient≥ 5 mmHg
Valve area according to the continuity equation (cm²)≤ 1 cm²
ZTime-velocity-integral of the tricuspid inflow (cm)> 60 cm
Pressure half time (T ½,ms)≥ 190 ms
Right atriumPressure half time (T ½, ms)
Vena cava inferiorenlarged

References

1. Baumgartner, Helmut; Hung, Judy; Bermejo, Javier; Chambers, John B.; Evangelista, Arturo; Griffin, Brian P. et al. (2009): Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), pp. 1–25. DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jen303.

2. Baumgartner, Helmut; Hung, Judy; Bermejo, Javier; Chambers, John B.; Evangelista, Arturo; Griffin, Brian P. et al. (2009): Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 22 (1), 1-23; quiz 101-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.029.

Pulmonary valve

Pulmonary valve regurgitation

 Mild regurgiationModerate regurgitationSevere regurgitation
Pulmonary valve morphologynormalnormal/abnormalabnormal
Density CW-Dopplerweak, slow decelerationvariabledense, steep deceleration, early termination of diastolic flow
Jet width colour Dopplersmall,, < 10 mm length, narrow originvariablelarge, wide origin
Ratio pulmonic to aortic flownormalvariablesignificantly increased

References

1. Zoghbi, William A.; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A.; Kraft, Carol D.; Levine, Robert A. et al. (2003): Recommendations for evaluation of the severity of native valvular regurgitation with two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 16 (7), pp. 777–802. DOI: 10.1016/S0894-7317(03)00335-3.

2. Zoghbi, William A.; Adams, David; Bonow, Robert O.; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice; Foster, Elyse; Grayburn, Paul A. et al. (2017): Recommendations for Noninvasive Evaluation of Native Valvular Regurgitation. A Report from the American Society of Echocardiography Developed in Collaboration with the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 30 (4), pp. 303–371. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2017.01.007.

3. Lancellotti, Patrizio; Tribouilloy, Christophe; Hagendorff, Andreas; Moura, Luis; Popescu, Bogdan A.; Agricola, Eustachio et al. (2010): European Association of Echocardiography recommendations for the assessment of valvular regurgitation. Part 1: aortic and pulmonary regurgitation (native valve disease). In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 11 (3), pp. 223–244. DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jeq030.

Pulmonary valve stenosis

 Mild stenosisModerate stenosisSevere stenosis
Peak velocity (m/s)< 343528> 4
Peak gradient (mmHg)< 3636-64> 64

References

1. Baumgartner, Helmut; Hung, Judy; Bermejo, Javier; Chambers, John B.; Evangelista, Arturo; Griffin, Brian P. et al. (2009): Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. In European journal of echocardiography : the journal of the Working Group on Echocardiography of the European Society of Cardiology 10 (1), pp. 1–25. DOI: 10.1093/ejechocard/jen303.

2. Baumgartner, Helmut; Hung, Judy; Bermejo, Javier; Chambers, John B.; Evangelista, Arturo; Griffin, Brian P. et al. (2009): Echocardiographic assessment of valve stenosis: EAE/ASE recommendations for clinical practice. In Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography 22 (1), 1-23; quiz 101-2. DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2008.11.029.

Updated on 2025-01-18