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Acute stroke and thrombolysis: quick reference

Neurologi Akutsjukvård Lathundar About this quick reference This is a practical quick reference for emergency physicians in suspected acute ischaemic stroke. It covers time windows…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…to haemorrhage control that determines the outcome. Indications Symptomatic anaemia, or a haemoglobin below the applicable transfusion threshold (see below). Ongoing bleeding with haemodynamic compromise…

Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperosmolar hyperglycaemic state: quick reference

…in type 2 diabetes Usually type 2 diabetes, older age and a longer symptomatic course Consciousness Usually preserved, but may be impaired in severe DKA…

Dix–Hallpike test and Epley manoeuvre

…cervical spine surgery, atlantoaxial instability, severe rheumatoid arthritis of the neck. Symptomatic carotid stenosis, recent stroke or TIA in the vertebrobasilar territory. Retinal detachment. Relative:…

Electrical cardioversion

…Unstable monomorphic VT with a pulse. Pre excitation with atrial fibrillation and a very rapid ventricular rate. Elective or subacute: Symptomatic persistent atrial fibrillation where…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…Comment : : Left main stenosis Known — perform the test only on a clear indication and with full preparedness Moderate to severe aortic stenosis without symptoms Individual…

Hyponatraemia: quick reference for work-up and correction

…symptomatic hyponatraemia must be corrected in a controlled fashion, since too rapid a rise can cause osmotic demyelination syndrome [1,2]. Hyponatraemia is primarily a…

Joint aspiration

…Haemarthrosis after trauma. A symptomatic effusion causing pain or restricted movement (therapeutic aspiration). Intra articular corticosteroid injection in verified inflammatory or osteoarthritis related joint disease…

Pleural aspiration and chest drain

…a symptomatic or large pneumothorax, recurrent malignant effusion (often combined with pleurodesis), and in chest trauma and postoperatively. Emergency needle decompression: a clinical suspicion of…

Urinary alkalinisation

…symptomatic salicylate poisoning. For an adult this corresponds to the order of 100–200 mL of the 50 mg/mL solution. 6. Continue with a…

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