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Right ventricular strain: definition, causes, echocardiography

…anatomy. In cross section (SAX, short axis view), the the ventricle is rather a crescent shaped appendage of the left ventricle. On longitudinal sections (A4C…

Epistaxis — compression, cautery and anterior nasal packing

…Antibiotic ointment (for example mupirocin or bacitracin), saline, and an intravenous cannula for expanding the tampon. Topical tranexamic acid on a pledget or as a…

Poisoning: quick reference for antidotes and initial management

…Remove contaminated clothing and wash the skin after external exposure A low Glasgow Coma Scale is not on its own an absolute indication for intubation…

Abscess incision and drainage

…in the groin or on the neck Bleeding, vascular injury, pseudoaneurysm Surgeon, ultrasound first Other situations that argue for the operating theatre rather than the…

CPAP and non-invasive ventilation (NIV)

…A hydrocolloid dressing for the bridge of the nose applied before the mask goes on, not after the sore has developed. Humidification, suction and the…

Edrophonium test

…Oxygen, suction, a bag and mask, and access to equipment and competence for advanced life support in the room. Two people: one who injects and…

Endotracheal intubation

…Functioning suction within reach under the pillow or by the right shoulder. A reservoir mask with a tight fitting seal, a separate nasal cannula for…

Exercise stress test on cycle ergometer

…Comment : : Left main stenosis Known — perform the test only on a clear indication and with full preparedness Moderate to severe aortic stenosis without symptoms Individual…

Foreign body in the ear and nose

…or a Katz extractor). A local anaesthetic with a vasoconstrictor for the nose: lidocaine 4 % with oxymetazoline 0.5 % on pledgets. Mineral oil or lidocaine…

Gastric lavage and activated charcoal

…lukewarm fluid (tap water for adults, isotonic saline for children), a collecting vessel, a bite block, and powerful suction with wide bore tubing. Working suction…

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