Procedurer What determines the outcome of a central venous catheter insertion is decided before the needle goes in: the choice of site, the use of…

…with a fine needle is tolerated at considerably worse values. Follow the local protocol. Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array or linear probe…

…With ultrasound guidance, the point at which the fluid lies most superficially is chosen and the needle is followed all the way in, which has…

…mmHg , which provides a continuous slow flush. Ultrasound with a high frequency linear probe when the pulse is weak, after previous failed attempts, or in…

…choose a new site if in doubt Cellulitis over the insertion site Change the puncture site Preparation and equipment Ultrasound with a curved array probe…

…the iliac crest is inaccessible, but biopsy must never be taken from the sternum — the needle may perforate into the mediastinum. The anterior superior iliac…

…toe instead. Marked pain that prevents the patient from tolerating compression. Preparation and equipment Equipment: a handheld Doppler probe 5–10 MHz, ultrasound gel, a…

…and equipment Continuous core temperature measurement. An oesophageal probe or a urinary catheter with a temperature sensor are the first choice; rectal or intravascular measurement…

…a driving pressure ≤ 15 cmH₂O, prone positioning at a P/F ratio < 20 kPa (150 mmHg), and permissive hypercapnia as long as the pH…

…have occurred or been unmasked. Preparation and equipment An examination couch that can be lowered, preferably allowing the prone position. Monitoring: pulse oximetry, blood pressure…

…and extracellular matrix beneath the endothelium. Plaques that are particularly prone to rupture characteristically contain: a large lipid rich core; abundant foam cells and macrophages…

…is reproducible with more than one exposure. These features support, but do not by themselves prove, a causal relationship. Muscle symptoms should be distinguished from…

…that was previously only mildly or moderately stenosed. Plaque rupture Plaques prone to rupture characteristically contain a large lipid pool, numerous macrophages or foam cells…

…in cases of iron, lithium, or potassium intoxication where lavage might prove beneficial, the procedure should be conducted post intubation. Avoid lavage if gastrointestinal perforation…