…pregnant women, patients after allogeneic stem cell transplantation and patients treated with CAR T cells or other advanced immunotherapies may require separate local protocols. Definition…

…manifestation of systemic arterial disease rather than an isolated disorder of the lower limbs. Patients frequently have concomitant coronary, cerebrovascular or other peripheral arterial disease…

…affecting at least two vascular beds. Carotid disease therefore commonly coexists with coronary artery disease (CAD), peripheral artery disease (PAD), and other manifestations of systemic…

…from a peripheral artery to the aortic root and coronary ostia. It remains the reference standard for defining the extent of coronary artery disease because…

…arteries. It frequently coexists with left main coronary artery disease, diabetes mellitus, left ventricular dysfunction, peripheral vascular disease and other manifestations of diffuse atherosclerosis. Percutaneous…

…burden of CKD extends beyond CAD to peripheral arterial disease, cerebrovascular disease, valvular heart disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, and other arrhythmias or conduction abnormalities…

…and genetic predisposition. Acute cardiovascular effects Acute ethanol exposure has a negative inotropic effect and promotes peripheral vasodilation through reduced systemic vascular resistance. The resulting…

…up 0.41–0.90 Peripheral arterial disease, mild to moderate Secondary prevention, walking exercise ≤ 0.40 Severe ischaemia Urgent vascular surgical assessment Exercise ABI…

…cardiovascular death, and progression of atherosclerotic disease in patients with established coronary or other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Antiplatelet therapy is a central component because platelet…

…principles as in patients without diabetes. Clinical Presentation and Symptoms T2DM may be clinically silent while vascular disease progresses. Many patients presenting with CVD have…

…coronary syndrome Reinfarction reduced by approximately 30–40%; death reduced by approximately 35–45% Peripheral artery disease Lower risk of progression to chronic limb threat

…to individuals without established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease. Secondary prevention concerns patients with established vascular disease…

…recognition, specialist assessment and restoration of perfusion are essential. The abrupt arterial obstruction may result from progression of peripheral arterial disease, cardiac or aortic embolisation…

…magnitude of untreated LDL C elevation. The presence and age of onset of premature CAD or other vascular disease. A history of myocardial infarction or…

…disease, aortic dissection, pulmonary embolism, pneumothorax). Hypertension. Smoking. Dyslipidemia (hyperlipidemia). Obesity and/or diabetes. Psychosocial stress. Alcohol abuse. Physical inactivity. Unhealthy diet. Cerebral / peripheral vascular…

…directed against vascular endothelial growth factor. Episodes of headache, palpitations, sweating and pallor that may suggest phaeochromocytoma. Systemic sclerosis, kidney disease, autoimmune disease or previous…

…its most severe form, known as no reflow, structural and functional impairments sustain vascular obstruction. Endothelial dysfunction triggers leukocyte and platelet activation, while thrombotic debris…

…mmHg) under vascular surgical supervision Diabetes with neuropathy Reduced compression, closer monitoring — the patient cannot feel pressure injury Peripheral neuropathy of other cause As above…

…and peripheral vasodilation, respectively. Pharmacokinetics and Administration Technique Adenosine is extensively and rapidly cleared from the plasma by cellular uptake into erythrocytes and vascular endothelial…

…Akutsjukvård Lathundar Key messages Two things set the COPD exacerbation apart from many other causes of acute dyspnoea: oxygen must be titrated cautiously and the…

…with established clinical ASCVD require LDL C lowering to reduce recurrent major cardiovascular events, including myocardial infarction, stroke, peripheral arterial disease events and mortality. The

…incompatible infusions. Haemodialysis, plasmapheresis or other extracorporeal therapy (requires a large bore dialysis catheter, not an ordinary triple lumen catheter). Measurement of central venous pressure…

ECG Myocardial ischemia and infarction Acute Myocardial Infarction: Definition & Criteria Acute myocardial infarction is the most severe complication of coronary artery disease. The most common…

…Previous pelvic irradiation on the intended side (yields fibrotic, unrepresentative marrow — choose the other side). A patient who cannot lie still — plan for sedation rather…

…with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes — the wound may not heal. Over superficial nerves…

…sick sinus syndrome or high grade AV block without pacemaker protection. Asthma and other marked obstructive airways disease — relative; the risk of bronchospasm is real…

…alcohol, a missed meal, physical activity and any other precipitating factor. Thresholds The thresholds below are used above all in diabetes. The severity of the…

…of the bleeding clinically Signs of major or ongoing bleeding are: hypotension or a postural drop tachycardia a cold periphery and delayed capillary refill confusion…

…is disputed and practice differs between units. Poisoning with other weak acids where the poison control centre recommends it, for example certain phenoxy acid herbicides…

…stroke, transient ischaemic attack, and peripheral arterial disease. Heart failure is also considered established clinical CVD in the risk based approach to elevated BP. Risk…

…acute coronary syndrome (ACS), atherosclerotic peripheral arterial disease, and other very high risk settings described in the source material. The statin should be prescribed at…

…environmental factors and genetic background. Thrombotic susceptibility is likewise affected by inflammation and other systemic influences. The severity of myocardial injury is determined not only…

…to moderate exacerbation of asthma symptoms. Adenosine should be used with caution in patients with obstructive lung disease or asthma. Irregular wide complex tachycardia (absolute…

…is which change can explain the pH, and whether the other variable lies within the expected range of compensation. Sample type and baseline values An…

…are hypotension, muffled heart sounds and jugular venous distention. Other frequent symptoms are pulsus paradoxus, pericardial friction sounds, tachycardia, tachypnea, weakened peripheral pulses, edema, cyanosis…

…tachypnoea, cold periphery Almost always Pulsus paradoxus above 10 mmHg A fall in systolic blood pressure during inspiration; one of the most useful signs Low…

…via the autonomic nervous system. It attenuates carotid sinus baroreceptor activity and acts centrally and peripherally to enhance vagal tone. These sympatho inhibitory effects decrease…

…of ischemia (but the sensitivity is low). U wave changes always accompany other ischemic ST T changes. They may occur in both NSTEMI and STEMI…

…administration, warnings, precautions, and other relevant information for the drug Ticagrelor . Table 1 Summary Indications Ticagrelor, in combination with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), is indicated for…

…Familial and genetic screening in cardiovascular medicine is the systematic assessment of relatives and other individuals who may carry an inherited predisposition to cardiovascular disease…

…and infarction Myocardial ischemia: cellular changes, ECG signs and development of infarction Like all other cells in the human body, cardiac myocytes use ATP (adenosine…

…dangerous differential diagnoses [1,2]. STEMI and other ECG patterns suggesting acute coronary occlusion are time dependent conditions. The decision on immediate reperfusion is based…

…drugs . The diagnosis rests on the history, a positive Dix–Hallpike test and the absence of other neurological findings. The treatment is a repositioning manoeuvre…

…Interactions Pharmacodynamic interactions Anticoagulants, thrombolytics, or other platelet aggregation inhibitors: Salicylates inhibit platelet function and enhance the effect of anticoagulants, increasing bleeding risk. Monitor coagulation…

…C) and other apoB containing lipoproteins in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Atherosclerosis develops through the progressive deposition and retention of LDL C and other apoB…

…discomfort is structured around three principal diagnostic categories: Myocardial ischaemia , particularly acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Other cardiopulmonary causes , including myopericardial disease, pulmonary embolism, aortic emergencies…

…which demonstrated that high blood pressure and high cholesterol levels, among other risk factors, were strongly associated with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. However…

…syndrome (ACS), DAPT is used to reduce recurrent myocardial infarction, stent thrombosis and other ischemic events after coronary angiography, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or medical…

…vascular autoregulation during a rapid or severe rise in BP. This may produce acute injury in the brain, retina, heart, aorta, kidneys, or other vascular…

…with significant heart disease, predominantly ischemic heart disease. However, most cardiac conditions may be associated with atrial flutter. As compared with several other supraventricular tachyarrhythmias…

…cancel each other out. However, the ECG may show features characteristic of biventricular hypertrophy. Biventricular hypertrophy ECG In case the ECG or other examinations suggest…

…when recording during chest pain is not consistent with myocardial ischemia. In other words, chest pain caused by ischemia will always result in ischemic ST…

…two different sets of piezoelectric crystals; one set for sending ultrasound and the other for analyzing reflected sound waves. The cardinal difference between continuous wave…

…radiotracers emit positrons. When a positron collides with an electron, they annihilate each other, producing two gamma photons emitted in opposite directions. PET scanners detect…

…1 A ). Concave ST segment elevations, on the other hand, are much less likely to be caused by ischemia ( Figure 1 B ). This is noted…

…atrial impulses are conducted to the ventricles. The atria and the ventricles are electrically dissociated from each other. This condition is referred to as atrioventricular…

…and without compressing the skin. Ratios and other measurements Measurement Calculation Threshold : : : Waist–hip ratio Waist / hip Men 0.90, women 0.85 = abdominal…

…rivaroxaban and edoxaban. Check every 6 months 15 30 Dabigatran contraindicated. The other DOACs are possible according to FASS, but the documentation is insufficient; check…

…3 IV Pneumonia, in chronic lung disease amoxicillin 750 mg × 3 PO 5–7 days or benzylpenicillin 3 g × 4 IV Pneumonia, suspected atypical pathogen…

…organ damage. Isolated malignant retinopathy without other acute organ damage can often be treated more cautiously with oral drugs under careful observation [3,4]. A…