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Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy

…more cell lines. Suspected acute leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or myeloproliferative neoplasm. Work up and staging of lymphoma and myeloma. Suspected bone marrow metastasis. Assessment of…

Pericarditis, myocarditis & perimyocarditis: ECG, criteria & treatment

…clinical characteristics and ECG features of pericarditis will be discussed here. From a clinical point of view, clinicians must be able to separate pericarditis from…

ACE Inhibitor Cough and Angioedema: Practical Management

…dependent. Similarly, angioedema occurring in the setting of ACE inhibitor therapy is bradykinin mediated rather than mast cell mediated, distinguishing it from classic allergic reactions…

Blood transfusion and massive haemorrhage

…The decision must be documented and alternatives (iron, tranexamic acid, cell salvage, haemorrhage control) planned in advance. A history of a severe transfusion reaction: contact…

Oxygen therapy

Procedurer Oxygen is a drug and must be prescribed as one: with an indication, a route of administration and a target range for the saturation…

Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Myocardial Infarction: Cardiac troponins, ECG & Symptoms

…referred to as high sensitive cardiac troponin, may actually detect the presence of troponins in most normal persons. In 2017 it was possible to detect…

Vulnerable Plaque and Mechanisms of Acute Coronary Occlusion

…local revascularization must be accompanied by systemic treatment aimed at stabilizing the broader atherosclerotic disease. Pathophysiology Mechanisms of acute coronary syndrome The major mechanisms producing…

Cardiac electrophysiology and ECG interpretation

…the cells which respond by contracting. The action potential generates electrical currents that give rise to the classical ECG waveforms presented here. Activation of the…

Short and long-term prognostication in cardiac arrest

…neuronal cell death starts within 5–6 minutes. Biological death usually occurs within minutes thereafter; survival is highly unlikely after 8–10 minutes of no…

Cryotherapy of skin lesions

…front , and this is why the margin must be included in the freeze. Contraindications Absolute: Suspected melanoma or any other pigmented lesion of uncertain diagnosis…

Courses
Clinical Evidence-Based Cardiology

Prepare for clinical practice and the Cardiology Board Exam with our comprehensive quiz, designed based on the most recent AHA, ACC, and ESC guidelines. The…

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