CPR Hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia Hyperthermia is characterized by a body temperature exceeding the typical range of 36.5 37.6°C (97.7 99.7°F…

…which predisposes individuals to malignant ventricular arrhythmias, notably torsade de pointes. This condition is primarily attributed to specific genetic mutations: loss of function mutations in…

…malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of…

…malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of…

…which predisposes individuals to malignant ventricular arrhythmias, notably torsade de pointes. This condition is primarily attributed to specific genetic mutations: loss of function mutations in…

…malignant ventricular arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death. The resulting extensive ischemia causes immediate myocardial stunning (akinesia) and electrical instability. Fewer than 1% of patients with…

…Dark skin: a risk of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes…

…blood pressure can cause serious organ damage even at lower levels, particularly in pregnancy [1,2]. Malignant hypertension is not entirely synonymous with a hypertensive…

…earlier era. The needle is inserted close to the upper border of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and…

…vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the kidneys, retina…

…revascularization, while avoiding unnecessary procedural complications and bleeding in those at lower risk or in whom the hazards of revascularization outweigh its potential benefit. A…

…The management of TdP and related malignant ventricular arrhythmias requires a structured approach focusing on rhythm stabilization, relief of triggers, and reduction of sympathetic drive…

…al). ARVC is more malignant in men, the reason for which remains elusive. Gene mutations can be confirmed in roughly 60% of individuals with ARVC…

…in the left atrium (most of them originate from the atrial septum). In 15 20% of cases, the tumor is localized in the right atrium…

…It generally results from accumulation of pericardial fluid, blood, or, less commonly, a mass. Tamponade occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure…

…exercise. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery is less frequent but is considered more malignant than anomalous origin of the right coronary artery. High…

…left coronary artery is less common but more malignant than an anomalous right coronary artery. Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the pulmonary artery…

…presumably explained by a higher incidence of malignant ventricular arrhythmias. It has been suggested that the high risk of ventricular arrhythmias is due to the…

Cardiology Introduction Since its initial description in 1992 as a syndrome of right bundle branch block, ST segment elevation, and sudden cardiac death (SCD), Brugada…

…from those in Brugada syndrome and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death is considerably lower than the risk among patients with Brugada…

…tachycardias should be considered pathological and the task is to clarify the cause of the tachycardia. The cause may range from benign to highly malignant…

…case of bullous dermatosis misses the subepidermal split. Choose the technique according to the diagnostic question, not according to what is quickest. Indications Suspected malignancy…

…or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no…

…cord ends at T12–L1, so these levels encounter only the roots of the cauda equina. If in doubt: choose a level lower, never higher…

…first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first choice : the abdominal wall is thinner there than on the right, and…

…of the most useful signs Low voltage on the ECG, electrical alternans Supportive; it does not exclude Diastolic collapse of the right atrium and right…

…malignancy, infection, surgery, trauma and old age. A positive value is not a diagnosis. Risk grading in confirmed pulmonary embolism Risk Haemodynamics Right ventricular strain…

…the commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but the differential diagnosis includes oesophagitis, gastritis, a Mallory Weiss tear, a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an…

…underlying cause is often serious (e. g. malignancy, amyloidosis). In case of suspicion of pericardial disease, in the first place, an echocardiographic examination is done…

… risk of fistula Surgeon, often operative management Breast Cosmesis, milk ducts, malignancy differential Surgeon or mammography Sole of the foot Deep compartments Orthopaedic surgeon Close…

…on a donor card, or through statements made to the next of kin. Active malignancy with a risk of transmission (an individual assessment; certain tumour…

…short stretch bandage, zinc paste bandage (Unna boot), or a class 2–3 compression stocking. Tape measure for ankle circumference — this governs the choice of…

…occurs 7 to 14 days after a course of chemotherapy, but the timing varies considerably between regimens. Neutropenia can also be caused by haematological malignancy…

…Autoimmune/Malignancy: A history suggesting an autoimmune disorder or known malignancy may suggest specific, nonidiopathic etiologies [2]. Summary of Pain Characteristics The following table synthesizes…