CPR Hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia Hyperthermia is characterized by a body temperature exceeding the typical range of 36.5 37.6°C (97.7 99.7°F…

…G. (2022). Independent validation and clinical implications of the risk prediction model for long QT syndrome (1 2 3 LQTS Risk). EP Europace, 24(4…

…malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of…

…malignant hypertension ). Hypertensive emergency is defined as significantly elevated blood pressure (systolic pressure ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure ≥120 mmHg) with concurrent signs of…

…G. (2022). Independent validation and clinical implications of the risk prediction model for long QT syndrome (1 2 3 LQTS Risk). EP Europace , 24(4…

…PDA) in a left dominant circulation (i.e. 10 15% of cases). Clinically, patients present with severe chest pain, diaphoresis, hypotension, pulmonary edema, malignant arrhythmias…

…Dark skin: a risk of permanent hypopigmentation. Areas with poor circulation, above all the lower leg in a patient with peripheral arterial disease or diabetes…

…blood pressure can cause serious organ damage even at lower levels, particularly in pregnancy [1,2]. Malignant hypertension is not entirely synonymous with a hypertensive…

…earlier era. The needle is inserted close to the upper border of the rib, never at the lower border where the neurovascular bundle lies, and…

…vascular beds. Malignant hypertension represents an extreme form in which acute microvascular injury occurs, classically involving fibrinoid necrosis of small arteries in the kidneys, retina…

…revascularization, while avoiding unnecessary procedural complications and bleeding in those at lower risk or in whom the hazards of revascularization outweigh its potential benefit. A…

…entity typically associated with drug induced long QT syndrome (DI LQTS) [1]. The condition arises in the setting of both modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors…

…al). ARVC is more malignant in men, the reason for which remains elusive. Gene mutations can be confirmed in roughly 60% of individuals with ARVC…

…the size of the tumor, localization, hemodynamic effects and possible impact on the coronary arteries. The tumors can be asymptomatic for a long time and…

…occurs when intrapericardial pressure equals or exceeds right atrial pressure. The haemodynamic consequences are progressive impairment of right and left sided filling, reduced stroke volume…

…exercise. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery is less frequent but is considered more malignant than anomalous origin of the right coronary artery. High…

…An anomalous left coronary artery is less common but more malignant than an anomalous right coronary artery. Anomalous origin of a coronary artery from the…

…ischemia Cardiomyopathy Bradycardia Hypothyroidism Hypothermia A separate chapter discusses Long QT syndrome (LQTS). A complete list of drugs causing QT prolongation can be found here…

…increased risk of malignant arrhythmic events (MAEs) [10] . Electrophysiological Mechanisms: Repolarization vs. Depolarization The precise arrhythmogenic mechanism of BrS remains a subject of intense debate…

…from those in Brugada syndrome and the risk of ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death is considerably lower than the risk among patients with Brugada…

…tachycardias should be considered pathological and the task is to clarify the cause of the tachycardia. The cause may range from benign to highly malignant…

…case of bullous dermatosis misses the subepidermal split. Choose the technique according to the diagnostic question, not according to what is quickest. Indications Suspected malignancy…

…or malignancy. A markedly raised GGT with the other tests normal is most often enzyme induction by alcohol or drugs and is often of no…

…cord ends at T12–L1, so these levels encounter only the roots of the cauda equina. If in doubt: choose a level lower, never higher…

…fluid collects in the left flank. Have the patient empty the bladder first. Procedure Choice of insertion site The left lower quadrant is the first…

…liver, lung or vessel lies in the path of the needle. Access Puncture site Direction Comment : : : : Subxiphoid 1–2 cm below and to the left

…cent. An sPESI of 0 indicates low risk. Anticoagulation A DOAC is the first choice in pulmonary embolism without malignancy and without antiphospholipid syndrome. The…

…the commonest cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, but the differential diagnosis includes oesophagitis, gastritis, a Mallory Weiss tear, a Dieulafoy lesion, angiodysplasia, malignancy and an…

…underlying cause is often serious (e. g. malignancy, amyloidosis). In case of suspicion of pericardial disease, in the first place, an echocardiographic examination is done…

…the skin tension lines and make it long enough — as a rule of thumb, along the whole length of the abscess or at least half…

…the donor's organs are maintained physiologically for as long as the assessment takes. The task of the health service is to give effect to…

…to a limb with arterial insufficiency can cause necrosis and, in the worst case, amputation. The decisive step is therefore not the choice of dressing…

…occurs 7 to 14 days after a course of chemotherapy, but the timing varies considerably between regimens. Neutropenia can also be caused by haematological malignancy…

…Autoimmune/Malignancy: A history suggesting an autoimmune disorder or known malignancy may suggest specific, nonidiopathic etiologies [2]. Summary of Pain Characteristics The following table synthesizes…